{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T06:04:19Z","timestamp":1757311459780},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is known that some of the algorithms in optimization field have originated from inspiration from animal behaviors in nature. Natural phenomena such as searching behavior of ants for food in a collective way, movements of birds and fish groups as swarms provided the inspiration for solutions of optimization problems. Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a classical problem of combinatorial optimization, has implementations in planning, scheduling and various scientific and engineering fields. Ant colony optimization (ACO) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques have been commonly used for TSP solutions. The aim of this paper is to propose a new hierarchical ACO- and PSO-based method for TSP solutions. Enhancing neighboring operators were used to achieve better results by hierarchical method. The performance of the proposed system was tested in experiments for selected TSPLIB benchmarks. It was shown that usage of ACO and PSO methods in hierarchical structure with neighboring operators resulted in better results than standard algorithms of ACO and PSO and hierarchical methods in literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001420590399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T16:14:54Z","timestamp":1575303294000},"page":"2059039","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Hierarchical Approach Based on ACO and PSO by Neighborhood Operators for TSPs Solution"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"H\u00fcseyin","family":"Eldem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Technologies Department, Karamano\u011flu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erkan","family":"\u00dclker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Computer Engineering Department, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8191(89)90106-3","volume":"10","author":"Allwright J. R. A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Parallel Comput."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB002","first-page":"134","volume-title":"Proc. European Conf. Artificial Life, ECAL\u201991","author":"Colorni A.","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB003","first-page":"509","volume-title":"Proc. Second Conf. Parallel Problem Solving from Nature PPSN II","author":"Colorni A.","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB004","first-page":"4613","volume-title":"IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, 1994 IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Networks","volume":"7","author":"Dong C. P.","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"S0218001420590399BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.585892","volume":"1","author":"Dorigo M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2017.06.007","volume":"87","author":"Ezugwu E. S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2017.01.053","volume":"77","author":"Ezugwu E. S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-218X(92)00033-I","volume":"51","author":"Fiechter N.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Discrete Appl. Math."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB011","first-page":"622","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Evolutionary Computation","author":"Gambardella L. M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(97)00289-0","volume":"106","author":"Gendreau M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"S0218001420590399BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.1.3.190","volume":"1","author":"Glover F.","year":"1989","journal-title":"ORSA J. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"S0218001420590399BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.2.1.4","volume":"2","author":"Glover F.","year":"1990","journal-title":"ORSA J. Comput."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB015","volume-title":"Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning","author":"Goldberg D. E.","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB016","series-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Netw","first-page":"479","volume-title":"Second Int. Conf. Industrial and Information Systems","author":"Gomez-Cabrero D.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"S0218001420590399BIB017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3906\/elk-1210-147","volume":"23","author":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turk. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2006.09.098","volume":"188","author":"Helokar P. S. S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Comput."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB019","volume-title":"Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems","author":"Holland J. H.","year":"1975"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00339943","volume":"52","author":"Hopfield J. J.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biol. Cybern."},{"issue":"10","key":"S0218001420590399BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1631\/FITEE.1601364","volume":"18","author":"Huang L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Inform. Technol. Electron. Eng."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB022","first-page":"1175","volume-title":"Seventh Int. Conf. Natural Computation","author":"Jin-Rong S."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2012.02.101","volume":"17","author":"Jun-Man K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB024","first-page":"1942","volume-title":"Proc. Fourth IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Networks","author":"Kennedy J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2012.06.078","volume":"219","author":"K\u0131ran M. S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Comput."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4598.671","volume":"220","author":"Kirkpatrick S.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0548(94)90016-7","volume":"21","author":"Knox J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Comput. Oper. Res."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-97610-0","volume-title":"Self-Organizing Maps","author":"Kohonen T.","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"S0218001420590399BIB029","first-page":"53","volume":"2","author":"Kumbharana S. N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Sci. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2012.01.021","volume":"195","author":"Kuo R. J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006529012972","volume":"13","author":"Larranaga P.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB032","series-title":"Sensing and Control 1","first-page":"237","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Netw","author":"Lee Z. J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2004.02.006","volume":"62","author":"Leung K.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB034","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Int. Conf. Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation","author":"Li L.","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"S0218001420590399BIB035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10878-005-4921-7","volume":"10","author":"Marinakis Y.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comb. Optim."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00227-2","volume":"140","author":"Moon C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.02.029","volume":"39","author":"Nagataa Y.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2015.10.006","volume":"48","author":"Osaba E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipl.2007.03.010","volume":"103","author":"Shi X. H.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Lett."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB040","first-page":"2450","volume":"3","author":"Shinozawa K.","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB041","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Int. Conf. Machine Learning and Applications","author":"Takahashi R.","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2003.11.008","volume":"166","author":"Tsai C. F.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1109\/KES.1998.725924","volume":"2","author":"Tsujimura Y.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Intelligent Electronic Systems"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB044","first-page":"689","volume-title":"Int. Conf. Neural Networks and Brain","author":"Wang C.","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2004.1331070","volume":"2","author":"White C. M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC2004)"},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB046","first-page":"123738","volume":"2013","author":"Yun H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Math."},{"key":"S0218001420590399BIB047","first-page":"612","volume-title":"WRI world congress on computer science and information engineering IEEE 4","author":"Zhang J.","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0218001420590399","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T11:02:39Z","timestamp":1665140559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0218001420590399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0218001420590399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0218001420590399","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0218-0014","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]}}}