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J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Watermelon is a crop susceptible to diseases. Rapid and effective detection of watermelon diseases is of great significance to ensure the yield of watermelon. Aiming at the interference of the environment and obstacles in the natural environment, resulting in low target detection accuracy and poor robustness, this paper takes watermelon leaves as the research object, considering anthracnose, leaf blight, leaf spot and normal leaves as examples. A disease recognition method based on deep learning is proposed. This paper has improved the pre-selected box setting formula of the SSD model and tested it in multiple SSD models. Experiments show that the average accuracy of the final SSD768 model is 92.4%, and the average accuracy of the IOU is 88.9%. 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