{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:07:10Z","timestamp":1753880830178,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"14","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2018PEE023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2018PEE023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Site road alignment is one of the main elements of architectural environmental design [B. Holdsworth, Refocus\u00a06(1) (2005) 58\u201360]. It is difficult for traditional methods to achieve both qualitative exploration and quantitative optimization objectives, and optimization algorithms can only optimize quantitative objectives. On the other hand, the shape of the site road is subject to various other human interventions besides the designer, which is a multi-objective problem. Based on the idea of meta-design, this paper proposes a new method for \u201cform-finding\u201d of site roads. This method develops the architecture and components of an expert system, which can handle both qualitative and quantitative objectives in conceptual design, and can realize various human interventions. Component development combines site specification, recursive algorithm, and genetic algorithm, which treats human intervention as a factor of variation, allows for qualitative exploration of different preferences, and finally demonstrates the capabilities of this new approach through case studies. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001422500392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T04:16:50Z","timestamp":1660709810000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Form-Finding Method of Site Road from the Perspective of Meta-Design"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7116-8076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Xunxing Architecture, Quanzhou College of Technology, Quanzhou 362200, Fujian, P. R. China"},{"name":"Faculty of Innovation and Design, City University of Macau, Macau 999078, P. R. China"}]},{"given":"Junhang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Innovation and Design, City University of Macau, Macau 999078, P. R. China"},{"name":"Faculty of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong, P. R. China"}]},{"given":"Rongsheng","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Xunxing Architecture, Quanzhou College of Technology, Quanzhou 362200, Fujian, P. R. China"},{"name":"Faculty of Innovation and Design, City University of Macau, Macau 999078, P. R. China"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218001422500392BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2017.12.015","volume":"64","author":"Babapour R.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. 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Construct."},{"key":"S0218001422500392BIB015","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Developments in Design Methodology","author":"Rittel H. W. J.","year":"1984"},{"volume-title":"Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Communication","year":"1987","author":"Suchman L. A.","key":"S0218001422500392BIB017"},{"issue":"3","key":"S0218001422500392BIB018","first-page":"77","volume":"2021","author":"Zhang C.","journal-title":"Chin. Garden"},{"issue":"4","key":"S0218001422500392BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8040172","volume":"8","author":"Zhao L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. J. 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