{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:06:32Z","timestamp":1753880792203,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"08","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61901074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61901074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62076044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62076044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61902046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61902046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["KJQN201900636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN201900636"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["KJZD-K202200606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJZD-K202200606"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["cstc2019jcyj-zdxmX0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2019jcyj-zdxmX0011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022NSCQ-MSX3746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSCQ-MSX3746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021M693771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M693771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Accurate tumor segmentation in medical images plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and disease analysis. However, medical images usually have great complexity, such as low contrast of computed tomography (CT) or low spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET). In the actual radiotherapy plan, multimodal imaging technology, such as PET\/CT, is often used. PET images provide basic metabolic information and CT images provide anatomical details. In this paper, we propose a 3D PET\/CT tumor co-segmentation framework based on active contour model. First, a new edge stop function (ESF) based on PET image and CT image is defined, which combines the grayscale standard deviation information of the image and is more effective for blurry medical image edges. Second, we propose a background subtraction model to solve the problem of uneven grayscale level in medical images. Apart from that, the calculation format adopts the level set algorithm based on the additive operator splitting (AOS) format. The solution is unconditionally stable and eliminates the dependence on time step size. Experimental results on a dataset of 50 pairs of PET\/CT images of non-small cell lung cancer patients show that the proposed method has a good performance for tumor segmentation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001423570069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:55:25Z","timestamp":1682470525000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["3D PET\/CT Tumor Co-Segmentation Based on Background Subtraction Hybrid Active Contour Model"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Laquan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"},{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}]},{"given":"Chuangbo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}]},{"given":"Patrick Shen-Pei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Information Science, Northeastern University, Boston 02115, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6112-917X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shenhai","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"},{"name":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"S0218001423570069BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2013.05.004","volume":"17","author":"Bagci U.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB002","first-page":"459","volume-title":"In 15th Int. Conf. on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, (MICCAI)","author":"Bagci U.","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogr.2022.08.003","volume":"2","author":"Bai S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cognit. Rob."},{"issue":"13","key":"S0218001423570069BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4855","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/13\/4855","volume":"61","author":"Berthon B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"S0218001423570069BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0098-3004(84)90020-7","volume":"10","author":"Bezdek J. C.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"S0218001423570069BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-006-7934-5","volume":"70","author":"Boykov Y.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"issue":"1","key":"S0218001423570069BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007979827043","volume":"22","author":"Caselles V.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"issue":"2","key":"S0218001423570069BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1109\/83.902291","volume":"10","author":"Chan T. F.","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108545","volume":"105","author":"Chen Z.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"issue":"10","key":"S0218001423570069BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4349","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3213099","volume":"36","author":"Day E.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.105955","volume":"121","author":"Diao Z.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250006","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001422500069","author":"Dong H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.10.051","volume":"513","author":"Fang L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"S0218001423570069BIB014","first-page":"196","volume":"3","author":"Fazilov S. K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Web Sci. Int. Sci. Res. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"S0218001423570069BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2021.3059453","volume":"25","author":"Fu X.","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2022.04.025","volume":"158","author":"Ge P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"S0218001423570069BIB017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2008.2012036","volume":"28","author":"Hatt M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"S0218001423570069BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-019-00227-x","volume":"32","author":"Hesamian M. H.","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Digit. Imaging"},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106230","volume":"151","author":"Huang Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"S0218001423570069BIB020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4773","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2353854","volume":"23","author":"Jaouen V.","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"first-page":"4143","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing (ICIP)","author":"Jiang C.","key":"S0218001423570069BIB021"},{"issue":"12","key":"S0218001423570069BIB022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5854","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2488902","volume":"24","author":"Ju W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"5","key":"S0218001423570069BIB023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050276","volume":"354","author":"Juweid M. E.","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"03","key":"S0218001423570069BIB024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352003","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001423520031","volume":"37","author":"Li Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"1","key":"S0218001423570069BIB025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1109\/TRPMS.2019.2911597","volume":"4","author":"Li L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Radiat. Plasma Med. Sci."},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.10.099","volume":"392","author":"Li L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"2","key":"S0218001423570069BIB027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2872908","volume":"28","author":"Lian C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"S0218001423570069BIB028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-9659(91)90161-N","volume":"4","author":"Lu T.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"S0218001423570069BIB029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121908","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4828836","volume":"40","author":"Markel D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"S0218001423570069BIB030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v13i5.3875","volume":"13","author":"Mazen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"S0218001423570069BIB031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.25.000245","volume":"25","author":"Neil M. A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB032","first-page":"1","author":"Nyo M. T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"S0218001423570069BIB033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(88)90002-2","volume":"79","author":"Osher S.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"S0218001423570069BIB034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","volume":"9","author":"Otsu N.","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"issue":"4","key":"S0218001423570069BIB035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s12530-021-09392-3","volume":"13","author":"Shi Q.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evolving Systems"},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2021.108293","volume":"189","author":"Shu X.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.102959","volume":"70","author":"Shuvo M. B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedical Signal Processing Control"},{"issue":"03","key":"S0218001423570069BIB038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151004","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001421510046","volume":"35","author":"Singh D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"9","key":"S0218001423570069BIB039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2013.2263388","volume":"32","author":"Song Q.","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"S0218001423570069BIB040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.106.035774","volume":"48","author":"Soret M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"13","key":"S0218001423570069BIB041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5383","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa6e20","volume":"62","author":"Tan S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.106657","volume":"155","author":"Wang F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"S0218001423570069BIB043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1109\/83.661190","volume":"7","author":"Weickert J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB044","first-page":"787","volume-title":"Medical Imaging 2016: Image Processing","author":"Yu K.","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0218001423570069BIB045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7032","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.2997331","volume":"29","author":"Zhang W. H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"S0218001423570069BIB046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015011","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf44b","volume":"64","author":"Zhao X.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0218001423570069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T06:36:36Z","timestamp":1690353396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/10.1142\/S0218001423570069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"08","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0218001423570069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0218001423570069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0218-0014"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1793-6381"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"article-number":"2357006"}}