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We first analyze the risks and causes of misalignment, highlighting the importance of alignment research. Then, we introduce the alignment cycle, which consists of forward alignment and backward alignment, and discuss how it serves as a framework for ensuring AI systems adhere to human intentions and values. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge in AI safety, offering insights for future research and development in the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s021800142539001x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T09:44:25Z","timestamp":1761212665000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Landscape of AI Alignment: A Comprehensive Review of Theories and Methods"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6607-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8627-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5114-3998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linfeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3242-6505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4092-0276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S021800142539001XBIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/big.2016.0048"},{"key":"S021800142539001XBIB002","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. 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