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Results show the framework effectively reduces operational costs and carbon emissions while maintaining load balance and respecting system constraints. An ablation study further validates the contribution of key components such as entropy regularization, modular policy design, and consistency enforcement, each of which improves convergence, coordination, and robustness. The architecture supports scalability as agent numbers grow and remains resilient under uncertain forecasts and partial observability. Overall, the proposed MARL approach demonstrates strong potential for real-time, decentralized energy management in smart grids focused on sustainability and adaptability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001425540175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T04:28:46Z","timestamp":1758947326000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Low Carbon Collaborative Scheduling Model for Hybrid New Energy Power Systems Based on MARL"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7956-0288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueli","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Development Research Institute, CSG, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510530, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1516-9233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingrui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Development Research Institute, CSG, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510530, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8167-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Development Research Institute, CSG, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510530, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3937-8213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luyao","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Development Research Institute, CSG, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510530, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218001425540175BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00685"},{"key":"S0218001425540175BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2009.10.025"},{"key":"S0218001425540175BIB003","unstructured":"A. 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