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J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the challenges in fine-grained image classification stemming from significant intra-class variations and subtle inter-class differences, as well as the performance instability caused by simplistic fusion of deep and shallow features in conventional methods, this paper proposes a long\u2013short range features network (LSNet), a novel gated convolutional model based on long\/short-range feature integration. The model innovatively reformulates the convolution process as a sequential task, leveraging the specific order of each convolutional module in the network architecture to implement long\u2013short-term memory network (LSTM)-based gating mechanisms for layer-wise feature selection and adaptive fusion between modules. LSNet achieves phased integration of spatial-static features from convolutional models and temporal-dynamic characteristics from recurrent models, effectively resolving the interference between deep and shallow features. Experimental results demonstrate that under equivalent parameter counts, LSNet achieves classification accuracy improvements of 2.58% and 4.80% over the baseline model on the FGVC-Aircraft and Stanford Cars datasets, with final accuracies reaching 90.15% and 91.97%, respectively, while its architecture allows seamless integration into any deep convolutional model. Gradient-based class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) visualizations further validate the model\u2019s capability to capture discriminative subtle features. Additionally, we have successfully applied LSNet in intelligent livestock farming, achieving precise facial recognition of pigs in high-density breeding environments. The model achieves a recognition accuracy of 92.82% on the pig face recognition dataset. This research not only provides an effective solution for fine-grained classification but also demonstrates extensibility to other vision tasks requiring refined feature extraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001425590207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T04:28:46Z","timestamp":1758947326000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gating Attention Convolutional Model Based on Long\/Short-Range Features and its Application in Intelligent Livestock Farming"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3719-3444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yadong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deyong","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lu\u2019an Agricultural Science Research Institute, Lu\u2019an 237008, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changmin","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9567-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiancun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218001425590207BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2021.3123453"},{"key":"S0218001425590207BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2023.3275382"},{"key":"S0218001425590207BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3206388"},{"key":"S0218001425590207BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2024.3511622"},{"key":"S0218001425590207BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/cje.2023.00.081"},{"key":"S0218001425590207BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3309707"},{"key":"S0218001425590207BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3027451"},{"key":"S0218001425590207BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2023.3326160"},{"key":"S0218001425590207BIB009","unstructured":"X. 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