{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T19:28:40Z","timestamp":1774121320869,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J CIRCUIT SYST COMP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>For stabilizing the common-mode output voltage of fully differential operational amplifiers, switched-capacitor (SC) type of common-mode feedback (CMFB) is a familiar technique. This is appropriate for implementing high-gain wide-swing low-power op-amps due to its benefits of minimum power consumption, superior linearity across a large amplifier output swing range, and improved feedback loop stability in comparison to continuous-time CMFB. However, the usage of SC-CMFB requires careful attention to some realistic aspects, details of many of which are available in literature. Nonetheless, its adverse effect on the op-amp\u2019s differential-mode gain has not been investigated much. The explanation for this effect is the SC-CMFB-induced equivalent resistive loading, and this is particularly significant in amplifiers like folded cascode which are intended to provide a high gain. This issue of drop in op-amp dc gain because of SC-CMFB, and the consequence on the realization of continuous-time and discrete-time forms of integrators utilizing such amplifiers is the topic of discussion in this paper. Relevant analytical derivations and circuit simulations at the transistor level are provided. A couple of design guidelines and circuit topologies for minimizing the loading-induced gain reduction are also presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218126620502230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T08:21:55Z","timestamp":1582273315000},"page":"2050223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Switched-Capacitor Common-Mode Feedback-Based Fully Differential Operational Amplifiers and its Usage in Implementation of Integrators"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1271-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joydeep","family":"Basu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India"}]},{"given":"Pradip","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218126620502230BIB001","volume-title":"Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits","author":"Razavi B.","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0218126620502230BIB002","volume-title":"Design of CMOS Operational Amplifiers","author":"Dehghani R.","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0218126620502230BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2007.914263","volume":"43","author":"Pavan S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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