{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:28:23Z","timestamp":1747189703589,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J CIRCUIT SYST COMP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper offers a novel, low-power, hardware-efficient, yet high-frequency architecture for a power spectral density (PSD) estimator, based on the Bartlett method, for low-power biomedical applications. The Bartlett method is a nonparametric method for PSD estimation. The proposed architecture operates based on a modified multiplierless 64-point optimized radix-2<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>single-path delay feedback (R2<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>SDF) FFT processor. To obtain the final result, it also uses modified safe-scaling in a way that removes the need to use several extra hardware units. It takes advantage of combined coefficient selection and shift-and-add implementation (CCSSI) for computing twiddle factors which is a new algorithm based on digital computer coordinate rotation (CORDIC) for generating trigonometric values. The proposed method has the capability of operating on short word lengths (WLs). Artix-7 is the FPGA used in this research and Verilog is the language used for hardware design. For 8-bit WL and 244-mW power, a frequency of 286 MHz has been achieved. Several vital signals are used for performance comparison of the proposed technique with state-of-the-art designs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218126621500237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T03:20:09Z","timestamp":1589253609000},"page":"2150023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hardware-Efficient Bartlett Spectral Density Estimator Based on Optimized R2<sup>2<\/sup>FFT Processor Using CCSSI Method"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Abdolvahab Khalili","family":"Sadaghiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advancom Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6221-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samad","family":"Sheikhaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advancom Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218126621500237BIB001","series-title":"Dover Books on Electrical Engineering Series","volume-title":"Stochastic Processes and Filtering Theory","author":"Jazwinski A. 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