{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:08:15Z","timestamp":1753884495565,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J CIRCUIT SYST COMP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Emergent wireless communication standards, which are employed in different transmission environments, support various modulation schemes. High-order constellations are targeted to achieve high bandwidth efficiency. However, the complexity of the symbol-by-symbol Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) algorithm increases dramatically for these high-order modulation schemes. In order to reduce the hardware complexity, the suboptimal Max-Log-MAP, which is the direct transformation of the MAP algorithm into logarithmic domain, is alternatively implemented. In the literature, a great deal of research effort has been invested into Max-Log-MAP demapping. Several simplifications are presented to meet with specific constellations. In addition, the hardware implementations dedicated for Max-Log-MAP demapping vary greatly in terms of design choices, supported flexibility and performance criteria, making them a challenge to compare. This paper explores the published Max-Log-MAP algorithm simplifications and existing hardware demapper designs and presents an extensive review of the current literature. In-depth comparisons are drawn amongst the designs and different key performance characteristics are described, namely, achieved throughput, hardware resource requirements and flexibility. This survey should facilitate fair comparisons of future designs, as well as opportunities for improving the design of Max-Log-MAP demappers. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s021812662230001x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T00:49:11Z","timestamp":1631580551000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Literature Survey on Algorithms and Hardware Architectures of Max-Log-MAP Demapping"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3827-7534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa","family":"Rizk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical and Electrical Engineering Department, IMT Atlantique, CNRS Lab-STICC, F-29238, Brest, France"},{"name":"CCE Department, International University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"},{"name":"Physics and Electronics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amer","family":"Baghdadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical and Electrical Engineering Department, IMT Atlantique, CNRS Lab-STICC, F-29238, Brest, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"J\u00e9z\u00e9quel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical and Electrical Engineering Department, IMT Atlantique, CNRS Lab-STICC, F-29238, Brest, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2018.2873239"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2019.2957374"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2017.8255100"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2018.2846650"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"IEEE Global Communications Conf. (GLOBECOM)","author":"Baruffa G.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB016"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1974.1055186"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.1995.524253"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4460080202"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.1994.582868"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.1990.116774"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20010755"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2272640"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.141453"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.669123"},{"volume-title":"Digital Modulation Techniques","year":"2000","author":"Xiong F.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB026"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2004.838367"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2004.842966"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.568703"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.681321"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf. (GLOBECOM)","author":"Abdel Nour C.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB032"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TURBOCODING.2008.4658672"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.567695"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.924878"},{"first-page":"354","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Symp. Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications","author":"Nour C. A.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB036"},{"first-page":"2762","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conference on Communications (ICC)","author":"Yang J.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB037"},{"first-page":"18","volume-title":"SiPS 2009: IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems","author":"Meng L.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB038"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB039","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Symp. Turbo Codes and Related Topics (ISTC)","author":"Barbulescu S. A.","year":"1997"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB040","first-page":"645","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Communications (ICC)","volume":"2","author":"Goff S. L.","year":"1994"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB042","first-page":"1064","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Communications (ICC)","volume":"2","author":"Berrou C."},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.1998.775793"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB045","first-page":"901","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Communications (ICC)","volume":"2","author":"Akay E."},{"first-page":"359","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Symp. Turbo Codes and Iterative Information Processing (ISTC)","author":"Jafri A. R.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB046"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6815890"},{"first-page":"664","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Communications","author":"Tosato F.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB048"},{"volume-title":"CDMA Int. Conf. (CIC)","year":"2003","author":"Ryoo S.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB049"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22456-0_51"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.06.0105.0161"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. (VTC)","author":"Ghaffar R.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB052"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC), 2011 Int. Conf.","author":"Su J.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB053"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SiPS.2013.6674473"},{"first-page":"163","volume-title":"IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS)","author":"Boutillon E.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB055"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2011.121311.111744"},{"first-page":"641","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. ICT Convergence (ICTC)","author":"Zhang M.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB057"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5140\/JASS.2010.27.3.221"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2011.020411.090497"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2011.101211.111825"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting","author":"He D.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB062"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2012.051412.112055"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2016.2560241"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-008-9654-3"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1977.10754"},{"first-page":"446","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE 26th Annual Int. Symp. Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","author":"Yao Y.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB067"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2010.2075390"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.585246"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"Annual IEEE India Conf. (INDICON)","author":"Chavali N. K.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB070"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.1959.5222693"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2015.0730"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2011.1770"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2014.2346786"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2016.2532880"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2016.2535116"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCT.2017.8359651"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2010.2682"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCL.2012.012012.110260"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. (VTC)","author":"Fan Y.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB080"},{"first-page":"618","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Consumer Electronics (ICCE)","author":"Bae K.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB081"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS)","author":"Yang J.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB082"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2016.2525722"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCNC.2016.7560996"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting","author":"Tao Y.","key":"S021812662230001XBIB085"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2014.2313073"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2015.2492477"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BMSB.2018.8436872"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10238572"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB092","first-page":"II-37","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. SoC Design Conference (ISOCC)","volume":"2","author":"Park J. W."},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LES.2009.2028041"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2015.2455991"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics5030050"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126621500699"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/ars-13-73-2015"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2660579"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126619502438"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126615501522"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126620200078"},{"key":"S021812662230001XBIB104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/242584"}],"container-title":["Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S021812662230001X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T10:02:26Z","timestamp":1646733746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S021812662230001X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S021812662230001X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s021812662230001x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0218-1266"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1793-6454"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"article-number":"2230001"}}