{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:09:20Z","timestamp":1753884560289,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"08","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J CIRCUIT SYST COMP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Modular multiplication (MM) is an important arithmetic operation in public key cryptography (PKC). In this paper, we present the FPGA implementation of the MM using Montgomery MM (MMM) algorithm. The execution performances of this operation depend on the radix-[Formula: see text] and the operands length. In fact, when increasing the radix-[Formula: see text], the MMM algorithm requires multiplications of digit by operand. On the other hand, when a long modulus is used, the hardware implementation of the MMM needs a large area. Our objective in this work is to realize a scalable architecture able to support any operands length. In order to achieve a best trade-off between computation throughput and hardware resources, our implementation approach is based on the execution of the basic arithmetic operations in serial way. In addition, efficient parallel and pipelined strategies are realized at low-level abstraction for the optimization of the execution time. The implementations results on Virtex-7 circuit show that a 1024-bit MMM runs in 2.09[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s and consumes 581 slices. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218126622501377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T02:01:40Z","timestamp":1639447300000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficient and Scalable Hardware Implementation of Montgomery Modular Multiplication"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8896-7827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Issad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of System and Multimedia Architecture, Centre de D\u00e9veloppement des Technologies Avanc\u00e9es, BP. 17 Cit\u00e9 20 Ao\u00fbt 1956, Baba Hassen 16081, Alger, Algeria"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Anane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure d\u2019Informatique, BP. 68M, Oued Smar, El Harrach 16270, Alger, Algeria"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Boudraa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronic and informatics, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP. 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar 16111, Alger, Algeria"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Bellemou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of System and Multimedia Architecture, Centre de D\u00e9veloppement des Technologies Avanc\u00e9es, BP. 17 Cit\u00e9 20 Ao\u00fbt 1956, Baba Hassen 16081, Alger, Algeria"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218126622501377BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04101-3"},{"key":"S0218126622501377BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1976.1055638"},{"key":"S0218126622501377BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359340.359342"},{"key":"S0218126622501377BIB004","unstructured":"D. Hankerson,  A. Menezes and  S. Vanstone ,  Guide to Elliptic Curve Cryptography  (Springer,  New York, Berlin, London,  2004), p.  15."},{"key":"S0218126622501377BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. P. Deschamps,  G. J. A. Bioul and  G. D. 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