{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:06:11Z","timestamp":1753880771642,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J CIRCUIT SYST COMP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In this paper, time-frequency distributions (TFDs) and their hardware implementation on FPGA are presented. TFDs are evolved due to disadvantage of Fourier Transform (FT), which cannot provide time information in spectrum representation. Time-Frequency Representations (TFRs) are helpful in providing simultaneous information about spectral contents of a signal with respect to time period axis. The major problem associated with hardware implementation of TFDs is limited on-board memory. Forward and backward register allocation method (FBRA) is employed to obtain the optimum register occupation. A register of length 32-bit is considered for the input signal representation. The stored register values are applied to the proposed TFDs and computed using real-time hardware. FBRA is implemented during the computation of FFT in all TFDs. All the transforms are modeled using Verilog code and implemented on SPARTA-6 FPGA. A real-time ECG, earthquake and a quad chirp signals are taken as input to test the designed TFDs. Finally, a comparison of different hardware resources utilized on FPGA with earlier conventional methods for better real-time applications was made. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218126622502176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T10:27:36Z","timestamp":1652178456000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Design and Implementation of Time-Frequency Distributions for Real-Time Applications Using Field Programmable Gate Array"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4749-8104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. Murali","family":"Krishna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ECE, Sri Vasavi Engineering College, Pedatadepalli, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh 534101, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. T.","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Communication Department, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh 533003, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Babulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Communication Department, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Vizianagaram, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh 535003, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB001","DOI":"10.1109\/5.30749"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB002","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1984.1164317"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB003","DOI":"10.1109\/18.119724"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB004","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.2971709"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB005","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1987.1165070"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB006","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-2-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB007","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1684(94)00150-X"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB008","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1968.1054157"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB009","DOI":"10.1587\/elex.11.20140387"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB010","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8121533"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2014.11.012"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB012","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03005257"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB013","DOI":"10.1109\/CONIELECOMP.2016.7438569"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2008.11.001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB015","DOI":"10.21608\/ejmtc.2018.442.1011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB016","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.1993.193179"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB017","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1968.1054157"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB018","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2011.2147338"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0218126622502176BIB019","DOI":"10.1109\/12.204786"},{"key":"S0218126622502176BIB021","first-page":"144","volume-title":"Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations II, International Society for Optics and Photonics","volume":"1556","author":"Williams W. 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