{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:19:01Z","timestamp":1753881541973,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"13","funder":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering of Tarim University","award":["TDNG2020205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDNG2020205"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J CIRCUIT SYST COMP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is popular nanotechnology to process at deep sub-micron levels. In recent years, in QCA technology, numerous multi-layer circuits of adders and subtractors have been developed. However, little attention has been made to the QCA circuit\u2019s instantiation of the subtractors schemes. This paper gives a three-layered subtractor with simple access to inputs and outputs as an essential block in QCA technology. This design was created, optimized, and simulated using QCADesigner-E. The results revealed that the suggested proposal effectively reached a higher level of efficiency, speed, and cost, owing primarily to the use of the three layers\u2019 design. Also, this architecture offers a platform to access the input and output lines more easily. The multi-layer crossover technique is used to build this design. According to the simulation findings, the suggested subtractor in QCA technology employs 22 QCA cells. The simulation findings demonstrated that the proposed design surpasses the majority of previous results in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218126622502371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T10:23:06Z","timestamp":1651141386000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A New Three-Level Design of Nano-Scale Subtractor Based on Coulomb Interaction of Quantum Dots"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}]},{"given":"Mingdeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7043-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bayan Omar","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Development Center for Research and Training, College of Science and Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218126622502371BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1137\/32\/6\/006"},{"key":"S0218126622502371BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2018.08.004"},{"key":"S0218126622502371BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/4\/1\/004"},{"key":"S0218126622502371BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2017.05.050"},{"key":"S0218126622502371BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11664-001-0086-z"},{"key":"S0218126622502371BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physc.2012.05.016"},{"key":"S0218126622502371BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aop.2014.12.016"},{"key":"S0218126622502371BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23746149.2017.1343097"},{"key":"S0218126622502371BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/CW-08-2020-0199"},{"key":"S0218126622502371BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0281803jss"},{"key":"S0218126622502371BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2907","DOI":"10.1002\/jnm.2907","volume":"34","author":"Sharma V. 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