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However, ray tracing is challenging for mobile platforms because mobile GPUs need to accommodate insufficient computing power, hardware resources, and memory bandwidth. This paper presents a novel architecture for the mobile domain called Mobile Multiple stacks Ray Tracing (MMsRT). The most complicated calculations in ray tracing are completed through lightweight embedded design. MMsRT has three key features: First, we set multiple stacks to ensure multiple rays are parallel in the system. Second, it sets a stack cache to store the data in stacks when the storage space of multiple stacks is insufficient. Third, we adopt the data prefetching mechanism to set caches to improve the cache hit rate and performance. An accurate simulator test proves that our design can be applied to mobile devices. We calculate the performance of about 82.9 Million Rays Per Second (MRPS), the chip area is about 0.856[Formula: see text]mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, and 96.85[Formula: see text]MRPS\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s021812662350192x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T01:40:22Z","timestamp":1671759622000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MMsRT: A Hardware Architecture for Ray Tracing in the Mobile Domain"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Run","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 Deya Road, Changsha, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Libo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 Deya Road, Changsha, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 Deya Road, Changsha, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yashuai","family":"L\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huawei 2012 Labs, No. 3 Xinxi Road Haidian District, Beijing, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 Deya Road, Changsha, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 Deya Road, Changsha, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 Deya Road, Changsha, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengqiao","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 Deya Road, Changsha, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 Deya Road, Changsha, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S021812662350192XBIB002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1145\/965103.807419","volume":"13","author":"Turner W.","year":"1979","journal-title":"ACM Siggraph Comput. 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