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IEDs are critical for ensuring the stability and security of smart grid operations, but they are also vulnerable to various anomalies, including infrastructure faults, equipment malfunctions, energy theft, and cyberattacks. Detecting these anomalies is vital to maintaining the reliability of smart grid systems and preventing potential threats to national security. This study introduces a statistical data-driven framework designed to detect and explain anomalies in IED-based smart grid systems. The framework includes a preprocessing module for ensuring high-quality input data and an anomaly detection module that prioritizes interpretability and explainability. Using methods like the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Kalman Filter (KF), and ExtraTree Classifier, the framework achieves 99% accuracy in anomaly detection and 88% accuracy in classifying events as either natural occurrences or cyberattacks. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218126625501634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T10:13:04Z","timestamp":1733393584000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced Data-Driven Framework for Anomaly Detection in Smart Grid IEDs"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2133-0692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen","family":"Khanh Son","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Data Edge Analytics Laboratory, International Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0229-2460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun Kumar","family":"Sangaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Data Edge Analytics Laboratory, International Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3532-3710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darshan Vishwasrao","family":"Medhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6593-112X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed J. 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