{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T20:08:19Z","timestamp":1778098099632,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"10","funder":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology and Biotechnology, Government of West Bengal, India, under the Science Promotion through Research and Development Scheme","award":["1690(Sanc.)\/ST\/P\/S&T\/6G-5\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1690(Sanc.)\/ST\/P\/S&T\/6G-5\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J CIRCUIT SYST COMP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This paper presents a solution for implementing basic electronic circuits related to the limited availability of precise resistor values. Traditional fixed-value resistors often cause deviations between desired and actual outputs. To address this, a programmable optically variable resistor (POVR) device is introduced, offering a wide range of resistance settings by adjusting input voltage. The POVR uses an optically coupled light-emitting diode (LED) and light-dependent resistor (LDR) pair to modulate resistance by varying LED light intensity, minimizing output deviations in circuit design. Additionally, the authors develop a POVR-enabled transistor bias automation system (POVR-ETBAS) for automatic resistance measurement and circuit optimization. This system provides automated circuit design and measurement functionalities. Demonstrations on common emitter (CE) mode BJT self-bias circuits show promising results in achieving desired resistance values and accurate measurements. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218126625502196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T14:19:42Z","timestamp":1738937982000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Programmable Optically Variable Resistors: Automating the Design and Measurement of Transistor Biasing Circuits"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Ray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0231-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Acharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8709-7532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2643-3563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Cooch Behar Government Engineering College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736170, India"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Cooch Behar Government Engineering College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736170, India"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Halder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Cooch Behar Government Engineering College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736170, India"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Maji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Cooch Behar Government Engineering College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736170, India"}]},{"given":"S. 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S.","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Cooch Behar Government Engineering College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736170, India"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Cooch Behar Government Engineering College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736170, India"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Cooch Behar Government Engineering College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736170, India"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218126625502196BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2006.889386"},{"key":"S0218126625502196BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2015.2451993"},{"key":"S0218126625502196BIB005","first-page":"3589","volume":"6","author":"Sharma N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"S0218126625502196BIB007","volume-title":"Proc. 17th IEEE Int. Conf. Mixed Design Integr. 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