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The hybrid DNN-CapsNet model is developed for feature extraction and classification. The model outperformed others, especially in engaging students and predicting dropout rates. Results show significant precision, recall, and F1-score improvements over prior models such as CNN and VSM. The findings point toward rigorous interventions and personalized support in online education. Recommendations include the use of adaptive systems providing personalized resources and feedback, which maximize student engagement and retention. This research contributes considerably toward understanding the complex dynamics of online learning and provides insights regarding effective strategies for educators and developers to optimize MOOCs. Including advanced learning analytics and machine learning approaches sets a tone for future research, bridging technology and pedagogy. This study aims to resolve many critical barriers by offering necessary recommendations toward redefining online learning with informed and data-driven practices which will help the learners in realizing their full potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218126625504766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T06:45:17Z","timestamp":1756881917000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Massive Open Online Course Outcomes with Hybrid DNN-CapsNet Model for Learning Behavior Analysis and Dropout Prediction"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visual Communication Design, Yeungnam University, South Korea, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visual Communication Design, Yeungnam University, South Korea, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Game Design, Kongju National University, Kongju City, South Korea 32588, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong Chang","family":"Kee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visual Communication Design, Yeungnam University, South Korea, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218126625504766BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33192\/Smj.2021.09"},{"key":"S0218126625504766BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2021.570229"},{"key":"S0218126625504766BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2025.3533091"},{"key":"S0218126625504766BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3716498"},{"key":"S0218126625504766BIB005","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"Deba P. 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