{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:49:24Z","timestamp":1774936164684,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper formulates a new approach to the study of chaos in discrete dynamical systems based on the notions of inverse ill-posed problems, set-valued mappings, generalized and multivalued inverses, graphical convergence of a net of functions in an extended multifunction space [Sengupta &amp; Ray, 2000] and the topological theory of convergence. Order, chaos and complexity are described as distinct components of this unified mathematical structure that can be viewed as an application of the theory of convergence in topological spaces to increasingly nonlinear mappings, with the boundary between order and complexity in the topology of graphical convergence being the region in (Multi(X)) that is susceptible to chaos. The paper uses results from the discretized spectral approximation in neutron transport theory [Sengupta, 1988, 1995] and concludes that the numerically exact results obtained by this approximation of the Case singular eigenfunction solution is due to the graphical convergence of the Poisson and conjugate Poisson kernels to the Dirac delta and the principal value multifunctions respectively. In (Multi(X)), the continuous spectrum is shown to reduce to a point spectrum, and we introduce a notion of latent chaotic states to interpret superposition over generalized eigenfunctions. Along with these latent states, spectral theory of nonlinear operators is used to conclude that nature supports complexity to attain efficiently a multiplicity of states that otherwise would remain unavailable to it.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s021812740300851x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,18]],"date-time":"2003-12-18T09:02:05Z","timestamp":1071738125000},"page":"3147-3233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["TOWARD A THEORY OF CHAOS"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"SENGUPTA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59281-2","volume-title":"Chaos, An Introduction to Dynamical Systems","author":"Alligood K. 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