{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T19:55:45Z","timestamp":1762458945478},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the feasibility of observing chaotic behavior in the model of a human arm is discussed. Two-Link Arm driven by Six Muscles (TLASM) which is a well-known model of planar human arm reaching movements in the horizontal plane is investigated. Reinforcement learning (RL) that is considered as a model for Dopamine-based learning in the brain is used to control the TLSAM. Finally, the existence of chaos phenomena in the TLASM model controlled with RL is researched using tools like bifurcation maps, Lyapunov exponents, phase-plane trajectories, and spectral analysis using FFT. Results yield that chaos phenomena may occur in the overall system by changing some internal parameters of muscles that have a physiological explanation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218127411030532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,3]],"date-time":"2012-01-03T01:28:03Z","timestamp":1325554083000},"page":"3293-3303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A STUDY OF CHAOTIC PHENOMENA IN HUMAN-LIKE REACHING MOVEMENTS"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"FEREYDOON NOWSHIRAVAN","family":"RAHATABAD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ALI","family":"FALLAH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AMIR HOMAYOUN","family":"JAFARI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","volume-title":"Control Theory of Multi-fingered Hands: A Modeling and Analytical Mechanics Approach for Dexterity and Intelligence","author":"Arimoto S.","year":"2006"},{"key":"rf3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.22.5.1077"},{"key":"rf4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218339006002008"},{"key":"rf5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-007-0081-5"},{"key":"rf6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2009.05.011"},{"key":"rf7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2002.1011262"},{"key":"rf10","first-page":"219","volume":"97","author":"Francisco G. 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