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Here, we compare and analyze two representative cases: the (E) model and the (M) model, each assuming that a gene has three activity states (one active and two inactive states) with dual transitions between every two and that the inactive states are directly linked in the former but separated by the active state in the latter. We find that the activation and inactivation rates can significantly impact gene expression. First, these two rates can induce counterintuitive correlations of expression noise with bursting kinetics in contrast to the common two-state model. Second, the correlation in the (E) model is fundamentally different from that in (M) model, implying that the counterintuitive phenomena are regulator-specific. Our investigation primarily gives us insight into the design principles of promoter architecture (a major source of cell-to-cell variability in genetically identical cells) as well as into how transcription factors influence gene expression through regulating transition rates. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218127416500164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]],"date-time":"2016-02-19T06:18:57Z","timestamp":1455862737000},"page":"1650016","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characteristics of Promoter Architecture-Dependent Expression Noise and Bursting Kinetics"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Heli","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China"}]},{"given":"Zhanjiang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China"}]},{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China"}]},{"given":"Tianshou","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. 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