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Bifurcation Chaos"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Recent studies have demonstrated that immune impairment is an essential factor in viral infection for disease development and treatment. In this paper, we formulate an age-structured viral infection model with a nonmonotonic immune response and perform dynamical analysis to explore the effects of both immune impairment and virus control. The basic infection reproduction number is derived for a general viral production rate, which determines the global stability of the infection-free equilibrium. For the immune intensity, we get two important thresholds, the post-treatment control threshold and the elite control threshold. The interval between the two thresholds is a bistable interval, where there are two immune-present infected equilibria. When the immune intensity is greater than the elite control threshold, only one immune-present infected equilibrium exists and it is stable. By assuming the death rate and virus production rate of infected cells to be constants, with the immune intensity as a bifurcation parameter, the system exhibits saddle-node bifurcation, transcritical bifurcation, and backward\/forward bifurcation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218127422501516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T03:49:35Z","timestamp":1661744975000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bifurcations and Bistability of an Age-Structured Viral Infection Model with a Nonmonotonic Immune Response"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Shaoli","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, P. R. China"}]},{"given":"Tengfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, P. R. 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