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Additionally, its sample entropy has an average value of 1.916. These results indicate that the chaotic sequences generated by 2D SFCM exhibit a high level of randomness. The pseudo-random sequences generated by this chaotic system are combined with image encryption algorithms to shuffle 3D images by accessing pixels from different planes. Using randomly determined pixel points, cyclic diffusion is performed on each plane to ensure that the pixel information at any point extends to the whole 3D image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits good key sensitivity and robustness. Numerical results show that the algorithm has considerable capabilities in resisting common attacks. Compared to related algorithms, our algorithm shows certain advantages in terms of information entropy and resistance to differential attacks. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218127425500063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T08:01:17Z","timestamp":1736150477000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multiimage Encryption Algorithm Based on 2D Hyperchaotic Map and 3D Random Cyclic Diffusion"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7958-9710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui East Road, Xianyang, Shanxi 712082, P. R. 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