{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T20:29:49Z","timestamp":1761596989139},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Soft. Eng. Knowl. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We describe action machines, a framework for encoding and composing partial behavioral descriptions. Action machines encode behavior as a variation of labeled transition systems where the labels are observable activities of the described artifact and the states capture full data models. Labels may also have structure, and both labels and states may be partial with a symbolic representation of the unknown parts. Action machines may stem from software models or programs, and can be composed in a variety of ways to synthesize new behaviors. The composition operators described here include synchronized and interleaving parallel composition, sequential composition, and alternating simulation. We use action machines in analysis processes such as model checking and model-based testing. The current main application is in the area of model-based conformance testing, where our approach addresses practical problems users at Microsoft have in applying model-based testing technology. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218194006002963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,18]],"date-time":"2006-10-18T07:29:52Z","timestamp":1161156592000},"page":"705-726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["ACTION MACHINES: A FRAMEWORK FOR ENCODING AND COMPOSING PARTIAL BEHAVIORS"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"WOLFGANG","family":"GRIESKAMP","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NICOLAS","family":"KICILLOF","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentinia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NIKOLAI","family":"TILLMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf5","volume-title":"Introduction to Lattices and Order","author":"Davey B.","year":"1990"},{"key":"rf6","unstructured":"L.\u00a0de Alfaro, Verification: Theory and Practice: Essays Dedicated to Zohar Manna on the Occasion of His 64th Birthday, LNCS\u00a02772, ed. N.\u00a0Dershowitz (Springer, 2004)\u00a0pp. 269\u2013289."},{"key":"rf9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6423(96)00032-9"},{"key":"rf14","author":"Grieskamp W.","journal-title":"Information and Software Technology"},{"key":"rf15","unstructured":"Y.\u00a0Gurevich, Specification and Validation Methods, ed. E.\u00a0B\u00f6rger (Oxford University Press, 1995)\u00a0pp. 9\u201336."},{"key":"rf20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-1846\/4\/2\/004"},{"key":"rf22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/605466.605492"},{"key":"rf23","series-title":"Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science","volume-title":"The Z Notation: A Reference Manual","author":"Spivey J. M.","year":"1992"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0218194006002963","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T21:48:48Z","timestamp":1565128128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0218194006002963"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0218194006002963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0218194006002963","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-1940","1793-6403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0218-1940","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}}}