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The improved method uses the K-means algorithm to cluster the data of wireless sensor nodes first. Then, an improved swarm intelligence algorithm generates corresponding Hamiltonian cycles for the clustered units and finally combines each Hamiltonian cycle to generate the final path planning for wireless sensor charging. The experimental simulations have proven that the K-means clustering algorithm reduces the time and space complexity in solving the problem, and the improved swarm intelligence algorithm has a shorter running time, lower energy consumption and higher efficiency than existing algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218194025500767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T02:41:59Z","timestamp":1760064119000},"page":"533-548","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Implementation of Wireless Sensor Charging Route Planning Based on Multi-Strategies Frilled Lizard Optimization"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China United Network Communications Co., Ltd., Jilin Branch, Changchun 130000, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Tower Co., Ltd., Jilin Branch, Changchun 130000, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China United Network Communications Co., Ltd., Jilin Branch, Changchun 130000, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kefeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China United Network Communications Co., Ltd., Jilin Branch, Changchun 130000, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China United Network Communications Co., Ltd., Jilin Branch, Changchun 130000, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianshu","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Computer Science, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, Jilin 130119, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218194025500767BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2004.41"},{"key":"S0218194025500767BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.825799"},{"issue":"9","key":"S0218194025500767BIB003","first-page":"1120","volume":"54","author":"Lian J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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