{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T16:11:30Z","timestamp":1782317490687,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"08","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Soft. Eng. Knowl. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Time-delay systems in power and industrial control applications pose significant challenges due to their infinite-dimensional nature. This paper proposes a Hybrid Model Control Design (HMCD) integrating Model Order Reduction (MOR) with Enhanced Differential Evolution (EDE). The method employs Pad\u00e9 approximation, Mihailov stability criterion and moment matching to construct a reduced-order model (ROM), optimized via EDE to minimize Integral Square Error (ISE) while ensuring stability and energy preservation. An Internal Model Control (IMC) structure is converted to Proportional\u2013Integral\u2013Derivative (PID) form for practical implementation. Validation on load-frequency control (LFC) and continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) systems achieves Integral Absolute Error (IAE) [Formula: see text] 2.30, ISE [Formula: see text] 0.998, Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) [Formula: see text] 9.03 and Integral Time Squared Error (ITSE) [Formula: see text] 1.23 \u2014 drastically outperforming conventional IMC (IAE [Formula: see text] 72.54, ISE [Formula: see text] 13.99) and metaheuristic methods (errors [Formula: see text]). The framework enables efficient real-time control of high-order time-delay systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218194025501037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T16:59:12Z","timestamp":1765472352000},"page":"1121-1140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Model Order Reduction and Control Design for a Time Delay System"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7143-4936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivam","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India"},{"name":"I.T.S Engineering College, Greater Noida 201310, UP, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0069-2302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalyan","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2298-9214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical & Electronics Engineering, G. L. Bajaj College of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218194025501037BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3054846"},{"key":"S0218194025501037BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2023.116345"},{"issue":"1","key":"S0218194025501037BIB003","first-page":"525","volume":"5","author":"Tamri A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stud. Eng. 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Xu, Model order reduction for discrete time-delay systems with inhomogeneous initial conditions, arXiv:2406.03967."},{"issue":"1","key":"S0218194025501037BIB012","first-page":"225","volume":"29","author":"\u0130rgan H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Uluda\u011f \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi"},{"key":"S0218194025501037BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2023.12.051"},{"key":"S0218194025501037BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2023.112137"},{"key":"S0218194025501037BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03772063.2021.1886875"},{"key":"S0218194025501037BIB016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12046-024-02451-w"},{"key":"S0218194025501037BIB017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10444-024-10175-y"},{"key":"S0218194025501037BIB018","unstructured":"S. Dolgov, D. Kalise and L. 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