{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T20:27:21Z","timestamp":1672345641779},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Soft. Eng. Knowl. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This article investigates the notion of reasoning types and tries to contribute to its clarification, placing special emphasis on relationships to AI programming paradigms. There are probably several different dimensions of reasoning. Here we identify two dimensions, one of which orders reasoning types along the scale \"inductive\/deductive\", whereas the other is closely related to programming paradigms. We would argue for the combination of reasoning types along both these dimensions. In fact, we have integrated heuristic and causal reasoning with various AI programming paradigms and traditional procedure-oriented programming in a kind of hybrid programming, using each method where we decided it fit \"best\". Since we concentrate in this article on software engineering aspects of building knowledge-based systems, we focus on issues related to the second dimension. In particular, the control knowledge can be represented by a stylized combination of rules and conventional procedures. We postulate that there is a whole spectrum between these extreme paradigms, and that an appropriate balance in the combination of rule-based and procedure-oriented programming can fit the given degree of ordering. Object-oriented programming and frame-based representation serve as a useful means for integrating multiple programming paradigms. Finally, we describe the duality of abstract data types and access-oriented programming, utilizing this view for some suggestions for their respective use. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218194092000063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,24]],"date-time":"2004-11-24T19:50:24Z","timestamp":1101325824000},"page":"107-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["REASONING TYPES AND AI PROGRAMMING PARADIGMS"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"02","author":[{"given":"HERMANN","family":"KAINDL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SIEMENS AG \u00d6sterreich, Program and System Engineering, Geusaugasse 17, 1030 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HOLGER G.","family":"ZIEGELER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SIEMENS AG \u00d6sterreich, Program and System Engineering, Geusaugasse 17, 1030 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"container-title":["International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0218194092000063","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T21:39:12Z","timestamp":1565127552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0218194092000063"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0218194092000063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0218194092000063","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-1940","1793-6403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0218-1940","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]}}}