{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:29:20Z","timestamp":1762100960081},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Artif. Intell. Tools"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We describe a wayfinding system for blind and visually impaired persons that uses a camera phone to determine the user's location with respect to color markers, posted at locations of interest (such as offices), which are automatically detected by the phone. The color marker signs are specially designed to be detected in real time in cluttered environments using computer vision software running on the phone; a novel segmentation algorithm quickly locates the borders of the color marker in each image, which allows the system to calculate how far the marker is from the phone. We present a model of how the user's scanning strategy (i.e. how he\/she pans the phone left and right to find color markers) affects the system's ability to detect color markers given the limitations imposed by motion blur, which is always a possibility whenever a camera is in motion. Finally, we describe experiments with our system tested by blind and visually impaired volunteers, demonstrating their ability to reliably use the system to find locations designated by color markers in a variety of indoor and outdoor environments, and elucidating which search strategies were most effective for users. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218213009000196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,18]],"date-time":"2009-06-18T10:50:04Z","timestamp":1245322204000},"page":"379-397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF A CAMERA PHONE-BASED WAYFINDING SYSTEM OPERATED BY BLIND AND VISUALLY IMPAIRED USERS"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"JAMES","family":"COUGHLAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94115, USA"}]},{"given":"ROBERTO","family":"MANDUCHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.295913"},{"key":"rf4","unstructured":"B.\u00a0Bentzen, W.\u00a0Crandall and L.\u00a0Myers, Transportation Research Record (1999)\u00a0pp. 19\u201326."},{"key":"rf5","volume-title":"Foundations of Orientation and Mobility","author":"Blasch B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"rf8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138608968314"},{"key":"rf9","first-page":"10","volume":"2007","author":"Coughlan J.","journal-title":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing"},{"key":"rf16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/623069"},{"key":"rf20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.12.4.223"},{"key":"rf22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRA.2004.824948"},{"key":"rf24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474698565677"},{"key":"rf25","unstructured":"J. M.\u00a0Loomis, Applied Spatial Cognition: From Research to Cognitive Technology, ed.  (Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., Mahwah, NJ, 2007)\u00a0pp. 179\u2013202."},{"key":"rf26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X0509900404","volume":"99","author":"Loomis J. M.","journal-title":"Journal of Visual Impaired and Blindness"},{"key":"rf29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141897.1141900"},{"key":"rf31","first-page":"101","volume":"49","journal-title":"Braille Monitor"},{"key":"rf40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2007.08.003"}],"container-title":["International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0218213009000196","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T02:28:47Z","timestamp":1565144927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0218213009000196"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0218213009000196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0218213009000196","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-2130","1793-6349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0218-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}}}