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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as large multinational companies may benefit from the use of reference models for data analysis. The availability of multidimensional reference models lowers the obstacles that inhibit SMEs from using business intelligence (BI) technology. Multinational companies may define multidimensional reference models for increased compliance among subsidiaries and departments. Furthermore, the definition of analysis graphs facilitates the handling of business events for both SMEs and large companies. Modelers may customize the chosen reference models, tailoring the models to the specific needs of the individual company or local subsidiary. Customizations may consist of additions, omissions, and modifications with respect to the reference model. In this paper, we propose a metamodel and customization approach for multidimensional reference models and analysis graphs. We specifically address the explicit modeling of key performance indicators as well as the definition of analysis situations and analysis graphs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218843016500064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,23]],"date-time":"2016-09-23T09:46:24Z","timestamp":1474623984000},"page":"1650006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Reference Modeling for Data Analysis: The BIRD Approach"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Christoph G.","family":"Schuetz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Informatics \u2014 Data and Knowledge Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Neumayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Informatics \u2014 Data and Knowledge Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schrefl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Informatics \u2014 Data and Knowledge Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Neub\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solvistas GmbH, Graben 18, 4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218843016500064BIB002","first-page":"129","volume":"7","author":"Olszak C. 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