{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T09:37:44Z","timestamp":1782380264250,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Coop. Info. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Identifier lexicon may have a direct impact on software understandability and reusability and, thus, on the quality of the final software product. Understandability and reusability are two important characteristics of software quality. REpresentational State Transfer (REST) style is becoming a de facto standard adopted by software organizations to build their Web applications. Understandable and reusable Uniform Resource Identifers (URIs) are important to attract client developers of RESTful APIs because good URIs support the client developers to understand and reuse the APIs. Consequently, the use of proper lexicon in RESTful APIs has also a direct impact on the quality of Web applications that integrate these APIs. Linguistic antipatterns represent poor practices in the naming, documentation, and choice of identifiers in the APIs as opposed to linguistic patterns that represent the corresponding best practices. In this paper, we present the Semantic Analysis of RESTful APIs (SARA) approach that employs both syntactic and semantic analyses for the detection of linguistic patterns and antipatterns in RESTful APIs. We provide detailed definitions of 12 linguistic patterns and antipatterns and define and apply their detection algorithms on 18 widely-used RESTful APIs, including Facebook, Twitter, and Dropbox. Our detection results show that linguistic patterns and antipatterns do occur in major RESTful APIs in particular in the form of poor documentation practices. Those results also show that SARA can detect linguistic patterns and antipatterns with higher accuracy compared to its state-of-the-art approach \u2014 DOLAR. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218843017420011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]],"date-time":"2017-05-16T03:14:22Z","timestamp":1494904462000},"page":"1742001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Semantic Analysis of RESTful APIs for the Detection of Linguistic Patterns and Antipatterns"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Francis","family":"Palma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, 1515 St. Catherine West, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada H3G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Gonzalez-Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Engineering Research Lab Sweden, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Campus Gr\u00e4svik, SE-371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Founi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019informatique, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, C. P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada H3C 3P8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naouel","family":"Moha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019informatique, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, C. P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada H3C 3P8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019informatique, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, C. P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada H3C 3P8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yann-Ga\u00ebl","family":"Gu\u00e9h\u00e9neuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ptidej Team, D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9nie Informatique et G\u00e9nie Logiciel, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-ville, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada H3C 3A7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-014-9350-8"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2014.2312942"},{"issue":"4","key":"S0218843017420011BIB008","first-page":"993","volume":"3","author":"Blei D. M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/coli.2006.32.1.13"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB011","volume-title":"Service-Oriented Architecture: Concepts, Technology and Design","author":"Erl T.","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-8303-9_19"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13881-2_7"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/232069.232092"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11334-007-0031-2"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB024","series-title":"O\u2019Reilly and Associate Series","volume-title":"REST API Design Rulebook","author":"Masse M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.2268"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB028","volume-title":"Guidelines for RESTful Network APIs","author":"Open Mobile Alliance","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45391-9_16"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2010.01.002"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.1077"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB038","volume-title":"Latent Semantic Analysis: A Road to Meaning","author":"Steyvers M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0218843017420011BIB040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2014.2387172"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0218843017420011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T15:27:08Z","timestamp":1565105228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0218843017420011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0218843017420011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0218843017420011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-8430","1793-6365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0218-8430","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]}}}