{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T06:24:31Z","timestamp":1761805471131,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"04","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004955","name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["854187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["854187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Coop. Info. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Ensuring the smooth and efficient execution of business processes requires a continuous process quality assessment and optimization. Process optimization exploits process attributes and their values, e.g. cost or duration of a process task, in order to derive, for example, control flow adaptations. The complexity of the analysis can range from a few to a plethora of attributes, e.g. machining times and sensor parameters in the manufacturing domain. Hence, it is crucial to support single and multiple users (e.g. process analysts) in visually exploring process attributes and their values. Specifically, comparing and assessing different visualization and interaction approaches with respect to their efficiency is required in order to offer the most suitable approach to users for a specific analysis task. However, such assessments are currently missing. To close this gap, this paper assesses three visualization and interaction approaches, i.e. 2D, 3D, and 3D with virtual reality (VR) support, based on a controlled experiment. We choose the process modeling standard Business Process Modeling and Notation (BPMN) as 2D approach. 3DViz is introduced as 3D approach with focus on attribute representation, and additionally augmented with VR. A statistically significant difference between the approaches can be observed with respect to their efficiency. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218843020500070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T03:18:55Z","timestamp":1602299935000},"page":"2050007","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessing Process Attribute Visualization and Interaction Approaches Based on a Controlled Experiment"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1057-5591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Gall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Austrian Competence Center for Digital Production, Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Rinderle-Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Workflow Systems and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00450-002-0122-0","volume":"17","author":"Rinderle S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Inform., Forsch. Entwickl."},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1108\/14637151011018001","volume":"16","author":"Recker J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Business Process Manage. J."},{"volume-title":"On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2007","year":"2007","author":"M\u00fcller D.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB003"},{"volume-title":"Datenbanksysteme f\u00fcr Business, Technologie und Web, Workshopband","year":"2017","author":"B\u00f6hmer K.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB004"},{"volume-title":"Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling","year":"2017","author":"Stertz F.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB005"},{"volume-title":"Business Process Management Conference \u2014 Industry Track","year":"2019","author":"Mangler J.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB006"},{"volume-title":"Advanced Information Systems Engineering","year":"2019","author":"Leyer M.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB007"},{"volume-title":"Business Process Management","year":"2007","author":"Bobrik R.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB008"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10619-011-7088-5","volume":"30","author":"Smirnov S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Distributed Parallel Databases"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.126","volume":"19","author":"Isenberg T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-016-0460-2","volume":"59","author":"Figl K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Business Inform. Syst. Eng."},{"volume-title":"Virtual Reality Modeling Language, VRML \u2019002000.","author":"Sch\u00f6nhage B.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB012"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB013","first-page":"73","volume":"8","author":"Betz S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"MobIS"},{"volume-title":"Human Factors in Computing Systems","year":"2018","author":"Butscher S.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB014"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB016","first-page":"2420","volume-title":"BPM 2019 Dissertation Award, Doctoral Consortium, and Demonstration Track","author":"Gall M.","year":"2019"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods for Information Visualization","year":"2006","author":"Lee B.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB017"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.83.2.314","volume":"83","author":"Greenwald A. G.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2009.67","volume":"35","author":"Moody D. L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000314","volume":"43","author":"Nothelfer C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Experiment. Psychol., Human Perception Perform."},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218194092000038"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45594-9_3","volume-title":"Business Process Management: Models, Techniques, and Empirical Studies","author":"Becker J.","year":"2000"},{"volume-title":"IEEE Symp. Series on Computational Intelligence","year":"2016","author":"Pflug J.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB024"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1108\/14637151111136414","volume":"17","author":"Brown R. A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Business Process Manage."},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2008.11.004","volume":"44","author":"Smith S. P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fire Safety J."},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1145\/502269.502288","volume":"45","author":"Lewis M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2009.08.004","volume":"52","author":"Mendling J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inform. Softw. Technol."},{"volume-title":"Int. Conf. Business Process Management","author":"Mangler J.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB029"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/009862830703400202","volume":"34","author":"Wilson K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Teach. Psychol."},{"volume-title":"Int. Conf. Conceptual Modeling","year":"2000","author":"Gordijn J.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB031"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2011.08.009","volume":"81","author":"Charness G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Econom. Behav. Org."},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2010.2087017","volume":"41","author":"Reijers H. A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., Part A, Syst. Humans"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200774","volume":"1","author":"Wolfe J. M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psych. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.2000.0416","volume":"53","author":"Sutcliffe A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud."},{"volume-title":"2007 11th Int. Conf. Information Visualization (IV \u201907)","year":"2007","author":"Doulis M.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB036"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.2000.0416","volume":"53","author":"Sutcliffe A. G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Human-Comput. Studies"},{"volume-title":"Proc. 2002 Symp. Eye Tracking Research & Applications","year":"2002","author":"Goldberg J. H.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB038"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2007.04.003","volume":"28","author":"Ling J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Displays"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1167\/11.5.14","volume":"11","author":"Eckstein M. P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2007.905812","volume":"38","author":"Vergidis K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C (Appl. Rev.)"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19345-3_5","volume-title":"Process Mining","author":"Van der Aalst W. M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2010.07.001","volume":"36","author":"Rosa M. L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inform. Syst."},{"volume-title":"Asia-Pacific Conf. Conceptual Modelling","year":"2010","author":"Brown R. A.","key":"S0218843020500070BIB044"},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2520921","volume":"22","author":"Kwon O.","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1080\/1463922X.2014.903307","volume":"16","author":"Wrzesien M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theor. Issues Ergon. Sci."},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB047","first-page":"156","volume":"19","author":"Eschen H.","journal-title":"Proc. Manuf."},{"key":"S0218843020500070BIB048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.401","volume":"155","author":"Mujber T. S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mater. Process. Technol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0218843020500070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T09:47:34Z","timestamp":1609148854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0218843020500070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0218843020500070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0218843020500070","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-8430","1793-6365"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0218-8430"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1793-6365"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}}}