{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:04:03Z","timestamp":1785251043488,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Coop. Info. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With the recent success of large language models (LLMs), the idea of AI-augmented Business Process Management systems is becoming more feasible. One of their essential characteristics is the ability to be conversationally actionable, allowing humans to interact with the LLM effectively to perform crucial process life cycle tasks such as process model design and redesign. However, most current research focuses on single-prompt execution and evaluation of results, rather than on continuous interaction between the user and the LLM. In this work, we aim to explore the feasibility of using LLMs to empower domain experts in the creation and redesign of process models in an iterative and effective way. The proposed conversational process model redesign (CPMR) approach receives as input a process model and a redesign request by the user in natural language. Instead of just letting the LLM make changes, the LLM is employed to (a) identify process change patterns from literature, (b) re-phrase the change request to be aligned with an expected wording for the identified pattern (i.e. the meaning), and then to (c) apply the meaning of the change to the process model. This multi-step approach allows for explainable and reproducible changes. In order to ensure the feasibility of the CPMR approach, and to find out how well the patterns from literature can be handled by the LLM, we perform an extensive evaluation, also in comparison to a baseline approach without change patterns. The results show that some patterns are hard to understand by LLMs and by users and that clear change descriptions by users are essential. Overall, we recommend a hybrid approach that identifies all used change patterns and then directly applies those patterns that work correctly and for the others derives follow-up questions in order to improve user input.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218843026500048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T10:05:51Z","timestamp":1773396351000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Conversational Process Model Redesign"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9010-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nataliia","family":"Klievtsova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Boltzmannstra\u00dfe 385748 Garching b. M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6458-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timotheus","family":"Kampik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAP Signavio, George-Stephenson-Stra\u00dfe 7-13, 10557 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6332-5801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juergen","family":"Mangler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Boltzmannstra\u00dfe 385748 Garching b. M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5656-6108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Rinderle-Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Boltzmannstra\u00dfe 385748 Garching b. M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lrp.2013.08.004"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31098\/aqr.v2i1.2165"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2011.6084174"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-014-0335-3"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-41623-1_19"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB006","volume-title":"Wirtschaftsinformatik 2024 Proceedings","volume":"66","author":"Klievtsova N.","year":"2024"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2014.2327044"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2008.05.001"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB009","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Cooperative Information Systems","author":"Klievtsova N.","year":"2024"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB010","first-page":"574","volume-title":"Advanced Information Systems Engineering","author":"Weber B.","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB011","first-page":"279","volume-title":"ER","author":"Rinderle-Ma S.","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-59432-2"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Debnath, M. N. A. Siddiky, M. E. Rahman, P. Das and A. K. Guha, A comprehensive survey of prompt engineering techniques in large language models, TechRxiv (2025).","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.174140719.96375390\/v1"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-acl.884"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26615\/978-954-452-092-2_069"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.818"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB017","unstructured":"S. Wu, Y. Li, X. Qu, R. Ravikumar, Y. Li, T. Loakman, S. Quan, X. Wei, R. Batista-Navarro and C. Lin, Longeval: A comprehensive analysis of long-text generation through a plan-based paradigm, preprint (2025), arXiv:2502.19103."},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Du, M. Tian, S. Ronanki, S. Rongali, S. Bodapati, A. Galstyan, A. Wells, R. Schwartz, E. A. Huerta and H. Peng, Context length alone hurts LLM performance despite perfect retrieval, preprint (2025), arXiv:2510.05381.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.findings-emnlp.1264"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-024-01122-1"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB020","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction, MobileHCI \u201921","author":"Flohr L. A.","year":"2021"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3660810"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Voelter, R. Hadian, T. Kampik, M. Breitmayer and M. Reichert, Leveraging generative AI for extracting process models from multimodal documents, preprint (2024), arXiv:2406.04959.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-78666-2_21"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2009.03.009"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2009.08.004"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB025","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2019 IEEE Int. Systems Conf. (SysCon)","author":"Doren A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5755\/j01.itc.46.3.18520"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72041-3_18"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB028","first-page":"1","volume-title":"ACM Trans. Manag. Inf. Syst.","volume":"14","author":"Dumas M.","year":"2022"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-59465-6_12"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Kampik, C. Warmuth, A. Rebmann, R. Agam, L. N. P. Egger, A. Gerber, J. Hoffart, J. Kolk, P. Herzig, G. Decker, H. van der Aa, A. Polyvyanyy, S. Rinderle-Ma, I. Weber and M. Weidlich, Large process models: Business process management in the age of generative AI, CoRR (2023).","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-024-00884-3"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-34241-7_1"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB032","first-page":"731","volume-title":"Web Services","author":"Beheshti A.","year":"2023"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB033","first-page":"107","volume-title":"BPM Forum","author":"Vidgof M.","year":"2023"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB034","unstructured":"U. Jessen, M. Sroka and D. Fahland, Chit-chat or deep talk: Prompt engineering for process mining, preprint (2023), arXiv:2307.09909."},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2020.3028040"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-014-0443-z"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/BPMJ-Mar-2012-0020"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10257-015-0290-7"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCIT.2007.91"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46295-0_3"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/BPMJ-01-2018-0021"},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB042","unstructured":"H. Kourani, A. Berti, D. Schuster and W. M. P. van der Aalst, PromoAI: Process modeling with generative AI, preprint (2024), arXiv:2403.04327."},{"key":"S0218843026500048BIB043","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-78666-2_20","volume-title":"Business Process Management Workshops - BPM 2024 International Workshops, Krakow, Poland, September 1\u20136, 2024, Revised Selected Papers","volume":"534","author":"K\u00f6pke J.","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0218843026500048","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T03:36:24Z","timestamp":1784604984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/10.1142\/S0218843026500048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0218843026500048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0218843026500048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-8430","1793-6365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0218-8430","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"article-number":"2650004"}}