{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T14:24:49Z","timestamp":1762957489221,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"04","funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project","award":["2023BJB008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BJB008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. Game Theory Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In this paper, we revisit a well-known differential game model to investigate the R&amp;D activity for Greentech innovation in a duopoly market with network externality. In our study, firms carry out independent R&amp;D or Cartel R&amp;D for Greentech innovation which aims to reduce end-of-pipe emission and network externality effects play a role in the R&amp;D activity via the inverse demand functions. Firms are concerned not only with their own profits, but also with the relative profits. At the steady-state equilibrium, the efforts for Greentech innovation under independent R&amp;D are higher than that under Cartel R&amp;D when the degree of altruism is higher than the degree of technological R&amp;D spillover, and the network size under independent R&amp;D is lower than that under Cartel R&amp;D. Moreover, under a given market structure, whether profits under independent R&amp;D are higher than under Cartel R&amp;D depends on the initial network size, which means that at the initial moment firms can decide to undertake independent or Cartel R&amp;D activities based on the initial network size. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219198924400115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T05:11:41Z","timestamp":1719378701000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Differential Game Approach to Investment in Greentech Innovation in a Duopoly with Network Externality"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0302-0098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengbiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200052, P. R. 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