{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:26:42Z","timestamp":1760056002505,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"04","funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project","award":["2023BJB008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BJB008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. Game Theory Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In this paper, we develop a differential game model of firms\u2019 clean technology (cleantech) research and development (R&amp;D) with spillover effects and learning-by-doing in a duopoly market. A significant feature of our study is that each firm\u2019s instantaneous investment cost function in cleantech R&amp;D depends not only on the R&amp;D investment itself but also on the accumulation of knowledge in cleantech R&amp;D. Furthermore, the rate of change in each firm\u2019s accumulation of cleantech R&amp;D knowledge is treated as a state variable. The main objective of this paper is to investigate firms\u2019 cleantech investment behavior and the effects of cleantech spillover and learning-by-doing on cleantech progress, both in cases of R&amp;D competition and R&amp;D cooperation. Additionally, we derive the general solutions of the model and discuss the results using numerical examples. We demonstrate that private and social incentives towards R&amp;D cooperation align across all admissible levels of the clean technological spillover, which characterizes innovative activity, as well as the learning rate and growth rate of knowledge accumulation in cleantech investment, which characterizes learning-by-doing activity. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219198924400139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T03:45:01Z","timestamp":1724384701000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Differential Game Analysis of Firms\u2019 Clean Technology Innovation with Spillover Effects and Learning-by-Doing in a Duopoly Market"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1170-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiquan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, School of Business Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510632, P. 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