{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T21:49:07Z","timestamp":1648676947557},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Image Grap."],"abstract":"<jats:p> One of the primary pre-processing tasks of medical image analysis is segmentation; it is used to diagnose the abnormalities in the tissues. As the brain is a complex organ, anatomical segmentation of brain tissues is a challenging task. Segmented gray matter is analyzed for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this endeavor, we used enhanced independent component analysis to perform segmentation of gray matter in noise-free and noisy environments. We used modified [Formula: see text]-means, expectation\u2013maximization and hidden Markov random field to provide better spatial relation to overcome inhomogeneity, noise and low contrast. Our objective is achieved using the following two steps: (i) Irrelevant tissues are stripped from the MRI using skull stripping algorithm. In this algorithm, sequence of threshold, morphological operations and active contour are applied to strip the unwanted tissues. (ii) Enhanced independent component analysis is used to perform segmentation of gray matter. The proposed approach is applied on both T1w MRI and T2w MRI images at different noise environments such as salt and pepper noise, speckle noise and Rician noise. We evaluated the performance of the approach using Jaccard index, Dice coefficient and accuracy. The parameters are further compared with existing frameworks. This approach gives better segmentation of gray matter for the diagnosis of atrophy changes in brain MRI. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219467821500297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T07:36:47Z","timestamp":1604129807000},"page":"2150029","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gray Matter Segmentation of Brain MRI Using Hybrid Enhanced Independent Component Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1142","author":[{"given":"Shaik","family":"Basheera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College of Engineering & Technology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522510, Andhra Pradesh, India"}]},{"given":"M. Satya Sai","family":"Ram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, R.V.R. & J.C. College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur 522019, Andhra Pradesh, India"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"container-title":["International Journal of Image and Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0219467821500297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T14:20:51Z","timestamp":1609770051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0219467821500297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0219467821500297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0219467821500297","relation":{},"ISSN":["0219-4678","1793-6756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0219-4678","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]}}}