{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T12:27:19Z","timestamp":1768912039739,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"02n03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advs. Complex Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We investigate the spatial distribution and the global frequency of agents who can either cooperate or defect. The agent interaction is described by a deterministic, non-iterated prisoner's dilemma game, further each agent only locally interacts with his neighbors. Based on a detailed analysis of the local payoff structures we derive critical conditions for the invasion or the spatial coexistence of cooperators and defectors. These results are concluded in a phase diagram that allows us to identify five regimes, each characterized by a distinct spatiotemporal dynamics and a corresponding final spatial structure. In addition to the complete invasion of defectors, we find coexistence regimes with either a majority of cooperators in large spatial domains, or a minority of cooperators organized in small non-stationary domains or in small clusters. The analysis further allowed a verification of computer simulation results by Nowak and May (1993). Eventually, we present simulation results of a true 5-person game on a lattice. This modification leads to non-uniform spatial interactions that may even enhance the effect of cooperation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219525902000584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,7]],"date-time":"2002-11-07T05:45:39Z","timestamp":1036647939000},"page":"269-299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION IN A SPATIAL PRISONER'S DILEMMA"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"05","author":[{"given":"FRANK","family":"SCHWEITZER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Autonomous Intelligent Systems,  Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physics, Humboldt University, Invalidenstra\u00dfe 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LAXMIDHAR","family":"BEHERA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Autonomous Intelligent Systems,  Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering,  Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HEINZ","family":"M\u00dcHLENBEIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Autonomous Intelligent Systems,  Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002794038001007"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/artl.1995.2.3.293"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7466396"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(89)80188-2"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/327058a0"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S1469026802000440"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.10.5167"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(05)80017-7"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036144599354707"},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-5809(89)90027-0"},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/evco.1995.3.3.349"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0022250X.1993.9990112"},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0394-76"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004959623042"},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.162.3859.1243"},{"issue":"2","key":"p_19","volume":"3","author":"Hoffmann R.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2681(00)00118-9"},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01074955"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/285015"},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(94)90289-5"},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/artl.1993.1.1_2.15"},{"key":"p_26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1994.1092"},{"key":"p_27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1998.0780"},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124196025001004"},{"key":"p_29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219525902000596"},{"key":"p_30","first-page":"459","volume":"5","author":"M\u00fchlenbein H.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Complex Systems"},{"key":"p_31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1996.0243"},{"key":"p_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127493000040"},{"key":"p_33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/359826a0"},{"key":"p_34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1994.1101"},{"key":"p_35","first-page":"349","author":"Oliphant M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Massachusetts"},{"key":"p_38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878195264010"},{"key":"p_41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4371(01)00486-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_43","first-page":"69","volume":"58","author":"Szabo G.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. 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