{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T17:50:15Z","timestamp":1770918615969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advs. Complex Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Economic complexity measures have been constructed on the basis of bipartite country-product network data, but without paying attention to the technological dimension or manufacturing capabilities. In this study, we submit a Ternary Complexity Index (TCI), which explicitly incorporates technological knowledge as a third dimension, measured in terms of patents. Different from a complexity indicator based on the Triple Helix model (THCI) or a measure based on patents and countries (PatCI), TCI\u00a0\u2014 products, countries, and patents\u00a0\u2014 can be modeled in terms of Lotka\u2013Volterra equations and thus the further evolution of an innovation eco-system can be specified. We test the model using empirical data. The results of a regression analysis show that TCI improves on Hidalgo and Hausmann\u2019s [The building blocks of economic complexity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106 (26) (2009) 10570\u201310575] and Tacchella et\u00a0al.\u2019s [A new metrics for countries fitness and products complexity, Sci. Rep. 2 (2012)] complexity measures with respect to both the ranking of countries in terms of their complexity and in terms of the correlation with GDP per capita. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219525918500236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T02:10:11Z","timestamp":1540347011000},"page":"1850023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["AN ECO-SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CONSTRUCTING ECONOMIC COMPLEXITY MEASURES: ENDOGENIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL DIMENSION USING LOTKA\u2013VOLTERRA EQUATIONS"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"INGA","family":"IVANOVA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, National Research University Higher School of Economics (NRU HSE), 20 Myasnitskaya St., Moscow 101000, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d8IVIND","family":"STRAND","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Aalesund, Department of International Business, PO Box 1517, 6025 Aalesund, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LOET","family":"LEYDESDORFF","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15793, 1001 NG Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0219525918500236BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2015.01.007"},{"key":"S0219525918500236BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9957.1965.tb00050.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"S0219525918500236BIB003","first-page":"1","volume":"93","author":"Balland P.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Econ. 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