{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T21:01:23Z","timestamp":1760821283933,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"01","funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Electronics and IT, Government of India","award":["MITO0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MITO0105"]}]},{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO","award":["629.002.202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["629.002.202"]}]},{"name":"Robert Bosch Center for Cyber Physical Systems, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore","award":["RBCO001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RBCO001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advs. Complex Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Managing and monitoring large crowds pose a challenge to the crowd management authorities. Understanding the crowd dynamics in terms of its macroscopic parameters and its application to assess the maximum number of people likely to gather at a location or the number of people to be allowed to pass a point can go a long way in preventing situations of crowd risk. This paper presents a comparison of the fundamental diagrams of pedestrian flow at different locations of Kumbh mela and brings out differences in the flow patterns between a general crowd and a spiritually motivated crowd. The effect of spiritual motivation is reflected in terms of higher speeds of pedestrians at some locations and continuous flow despite higher densities. These results fill a significant research gap in the literature by highlighting the unique characteristics of spiritual crowd flows that must be incorporated for simulating a realistic crowd. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219525921500028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T12:59:55Z","timestamp":1629464395000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MACROSCOPIC FUNDAMENTAL FLOW DIAGRAMS OF A SPIRITUALLY MOTIVATED CROWD"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"GAYATHRI HARIHARA","family":"SUBRAMANIAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transportation Systems Engineering (TSE), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.S.","family":"KARTHIKA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transportation Systems Engineering (TSE), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2350-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ASHISH","family":"VERMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transportation Systems Engineering (TSE), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0219525921500028BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2013.05.002"},{"key":"S0219525921500028BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219525909002209"},{"key":"S0219525921500028BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198105193400105"},{"key":"S0219525921500028BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11114\/ijsss.v3i4.870"},{"key":"S0219525921500028BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17815\/CD.2018.18"},{"key":"S0219525921500028BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17815\/CD.2020.76"},{"volume-title":"15th World Conf. 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