{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T19:16:40Z","timestamp":1772651800970,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Info. Tech. Dec. Mak."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Simulated virtual realities offer a promising but currently underutilized source of data in studying cultural and demographic aspects of dynamic decision-making (DDM) in small groups. This study focuses on one simulated reality, a clock-driven business simulation game, which is used to teach operations management. The purpose of our study is to analyze the characteristics of the decision-making groups, such as cultural orientation, education, gender and group size, and their relationship to group performance in a real-time processed simulation game. Our study examines decision-making in small groups of two or three employees from a global manufacturing and service operations company. We aim at shedding new light on how such groups with diverse background profiles perform as decision-making units. Our results reveal that the profile of the decision-making group influences the outcome of decision-making, the final business result of the simulation game. In particular, the cultural and gender diversity, as well as group size seem to have intertwined effects on team performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219622017500171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]],"date-time":"2017-03-07T09:14:05Z","timestamp":1488878045000},"page":"779-815","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Decision-Making in a Real-Time Business Simulation Game: Cultural and Demographic Aspects in Small Group Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Bragge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalto University School of Business, Department of Information and Service Economy, Information Systems Science P.O. Box 21220, 00076 AALTO, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Kallio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalto University School of Business, Department of Information and Service Economy, Information Systems Science P.O. Box 21220, 00076 AALTO, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomi","family":"Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalto University School of Business, Department of Information and Service Economy, Information Systems Science P.O. Box 21220, 00076 AALTO, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Lainema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku School of Economics at University of Turku, Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Information Systems Science\/Pedagogical Sciences, Rehtorinpellonkatu 3, 20500 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Malo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalto University School of Business, Department of Information and Service Economy, Information Systems Science P.O. Box 21220, 00076 AALTO, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878107308075"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878108327585"},{"issue":"2","key":"S0219622017500171BIB003","first-page":"13","volume":"44","author":"Good D.","year":"2012","journal-title":"OD Practitioner"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.12.038"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878110387539"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sres.647"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2004.02.014"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622014500163"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622013500016"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639001600205"},{"issue":"3","key":"S0219622017500171BIB011","first-page":"253","volume":"49","author":"Simon H.","year":"1959","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/295761"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-003-0126-y"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-010-0157-0"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622012500277"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104687810003100102"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.12.1.63.9717"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(92)90019-A"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/135467896394528"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872086200400201"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0747-5632(93)90005-D"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB022","first-page":"13","volume":"21","author":"Thavikulwat P.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878196271008"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02621710210448011"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB025","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Guide to Business Gaming and Experiential Learning","author":"Patz A. L.","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB026","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Guide to Business Gaming and Experiential Learning","author":"Chiesl N. E.","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB027","series-title":"Games and Simulations for Business","first-page":"126","volume-title":"The Simulation & Gaming Workbook","volume":"3","author":"Gray C.","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB028","first-page":"238","volume":"35","author":"Pillutla S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Developments in Business Simulation & Experiential Learning"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB029","volume-title":"Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors","author":"Porter M. E.","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB030","volume-title":"Computer Simulation in Management Science","author":"Pidd M.","year":"1998","edition":"4"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1046496412461532"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206307308587"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB033","volume-title":"The Attraction Paradigm","author":"Byrne D.","year":"1971"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199801)19:1<39::AID-SMJ932>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1996.9605060217"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB036","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Research in Organizational Behavior. A Review of 40 Years of Research","volume":"20","author":"Williams K. Y.","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104687819903000402"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878109352204"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB039","volume-title":"Group Process and Productivity","author":"Steiner I. D.","year":"1972"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB040","first-page":"91","volume":"42","author":"Thavikulwat P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135200"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1069397103259443"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/per.712"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/EBK1439834954-c55"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5430\/ijba.v4n3p1"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511809477"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB047","volume-title":"Online Readings in Psychology and Culture","author":"G\u00fcss C. D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2003.31.1.35"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0736-9735.60.2.157"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0771(199703)10:1<1::AID-BDM242>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106939719502900302"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB052","volume-title":"Individualism and Collectivism","author":"Triandis H. C.","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.59.5.1006"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/\/0044-3514.33.4.261"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB055","volume-title":"Online Readings in Psychology and Culture","author":"G\u00fcss C. D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/256593"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-1767(98)00016-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"S0219622017500171BIB058","first-page":"381","volume":"7","author":"Sanz de Acedo Lizarraga M. L.","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00288142"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB060","volume-title":"Poster presented at Scholarship & Creativity Day","author":"Reiter K. K.","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11166-015-9206-7"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB062","volume-title":"Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender, and Culture","author":"Wood J. T.","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1110.1348"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1120.1674"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2014.06.005"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.48.6.1467"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0363452042000299894"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868311417243"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365097024003004"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.57.1.67"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1997.0136"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1983.tb00173.x"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/cmr.2012.54.4.44"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104687818001100405"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB076","first-page":"137","volume":"21","author":"Hsu T.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Developments in Business Simulation & Experiential Learning"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB077","first-page":"14","volume":"37","author":"Thavikulwat P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Developments in Business Simulation & Experiential Learning"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1996.tb00392.x"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.75.1.93"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365000027003005"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/AME.1991.4274465"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2393553"},{"issue":"2","key":"S0219622017500171BIB083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1964.tb00553.x","volume":"26","author":"Box G.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistics Society, Series B"},{"issue":"1","key":"S0219622017500171BIB084","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Hussein A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Social Work"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2986296"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-051055-2.50011-0"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB087","volume-title":"Classification and Regression Trees","author":"Breiman L.","year":"1984"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB088","volume-title":"Data Mining with Decision Trees: Theory and Applications","author":"Rokach L.","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB089","first-page":"343","volume-title":"Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence","author":"Quinlan J. R.","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009744630224"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB091","volume-title":"Decision Trees for Predictive Modeling","author":"Neville P. G.","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB092","volume-title":"Culture\u2019s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations","author":"Hofstede G.","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB093","volume-title":"Culture, Leadership, and Organizations, The Globe Study of 62 Societies","author":"House R. J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/002075998400213"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022199030001003"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB096","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Individualism and Collectivism. Theory, Method and Applications","author":"Triandis H. C.","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3846\/20294913.2016.1210694"},{"key":"S0219622017500171BIB099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2013.11.035"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Information Technology &amp; Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0219622017500171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T21:11:52Z","timestamp":1719090712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0219622017500171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0219622017500171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0219622017500171","relation":{},"ISSN":["0219-6220","1793-6845"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0219-6220","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6845","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]]}}}