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Hence, in this study, we propose a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach based on the defining hyperplanes of the production possibility set (PPS), which is capable of finding the ERs of the DMUs when their inputs increase and\/or their outputs decrease. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, in the real world, a numerical example and an empirical application to the banking industry in the Czech Republic are provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219622021500103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T03:17:48Z","timestamp":1614395868000},"page":"707-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["DEA Efficiency Region for Variations of Inputs and Outputs"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7082-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Khoveyni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH), Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2129-5114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robabeh","family":"Eslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(78)90138-8"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2343100"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0531(78)90060-1"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0531(91)90061-8"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11123-011-0248-9"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622012500095"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.02.137"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-36510-5_32"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2013.10.019"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2013.11.035"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-020-03572-1"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.05.047"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-6423(14)71606-2"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02187297"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2600393"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2004.02.016"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2008.01.053"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2010.02.023"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.2013.97"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cam.2010.08.007"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aml.2011.09.068"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1027303901017"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2012.07.017"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2012.02.035"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7553-9_6"},{"key":"S0219622021500103BIB026","first-page":"211","volume":"24","author":"Charnes A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Glasnik Matematicki (Ser. 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