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Then, compared with the traditional target representation such as color, gradient, filter responses, etc. DFs build image descriptors that are able to make object smoothing and keep pixel values. To provide a better tracking result in different videos, this paper finds a more efficient way by using an appearance model which adopts the DFs layer with CPSO to build tracking procedure. The experiments show higher performances than another four state-of-the-art approaches on several sequences videos.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219691320500654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T04:35:31Z","timestamp":1600490131000},"page":"2050065","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An enhanced particle swarm optimization with distribution fields appearance model for object tracking"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Quanyi","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0219691320500654BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470974377","volume-title":"Video Tracking: Theory and Practice","author":"Maggio E.","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0219691320500654BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1109\/ACT.2009.135","volume-title":"2009 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies","author":"Ramakoti N.","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0219691320500654BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1109\/CSA.2008.57","volume-title":"International Symposium on Computer Science and its Applications","author":"Islam M. 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