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Therefore, bioinformatics tools that can identify presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins would be very useful for understanding their functions and mechanisms. In this study, we propose Pippin, a novel machine learning-based method that allows users to rapidly and accurately identify these two types of neurotoxins. Pippin was developed using the random forest (RF) algorithm and evaluated based on an up-to-date dataset. A variety of sequence and motif features were combined, and a two-step feature-selection algorithm was employed to characterize the optimal feature subset for presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxin prediction. Extensive benchmark tests illustrate that Pippin significantly improved predictive performance as compared with six other commonly used machine-learning algorithms, including the na\u00efve Bayes classifier, Multinomial Na\u00efve Bayes classifier (MNBC), AdaBoost, Bagging, [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbors, and XGBoost. Additionally, we developed an online webserver for Pippin to facilitate public use. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first webserver for presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxin prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219720020500080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T10:21:16Z","timestamp":1588760476000},"page":"2050008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pippin: A random forest-based method for identifying presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Pengyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Data Science, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, 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