{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:06:22Z","timestamp":1777417582209,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Human. Robot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This article discusses the use of a brain\u2013computer interface (BCI) to obtain emotional feedback from a human in response to the motion of humanoid robots in collaborative environments. The purpose of this study is to detect the human satisfaction level and use it as a feedback for correcting and improving the behavior of the robot to maximize human satisfaction. This article describes experiments and algorithms that use human brains activity collected through BCI in order to estimate the level of satisfaction. Users wear an electroencephalogram (EEG) headset and control the movement of the robot by mental imagination. The robots responds to the mental imagination may not be the same as human mental command and this will affect the emotional satisfaction level. The headset records brain activity from 14 locations on the scalp. Power spectral density of each EEG frequency band and four largest Lyapunov exponents of each EEG signal form the feature vector. The Mann\u2013Whitney\u2013Wilcoxon test is then used to rank all the features. The highest rank features are then selected to train a linear discriminant classifier (LDC) to determine the satisfaction level. Our experimental results show an accuracy of 79.2% in detecting the human satisfaction level. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219843611002356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,11]],"date-time":"2011-05-11T11:45:35Z","timestamp":1305114335000},"page":"87-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["USING BRAIN\u2013COMPUTER INTERFACES TO DETECT HUMAN SATISFACTION IN HUMAN\u2013ROBOT INTERACTION"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"08","author":[{"given":"EHSAN TARKESH","family":"ESFAHANI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United State"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"SUNDARARAJAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United State"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci1901&2_7"},{"key":"rf2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5254.867911"},{"key":"rf3","first-page":"657","volume":"85","author":"Ueno H.","journal-title":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E"},{"key":"rf4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219843609001711"},{"key":"rf5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1052438.1052454"},{"key":"rf6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(02)00084-5"},{"key":"rf7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2008.04.004"},{"key":"rf8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2009.09.009"},{"key":"rf9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2005.03.007"},{"key":"rf10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.895976"},{"key":"rf11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(00)00034-2"},{"key":"rf13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02344719"},{"key":"rf15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.03.002"},{"key":"rf16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00413.x"},{"key":"rf17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2008.11.007"},{"key":"rf19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2009.2038481"},{"key":"rf21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.58.2.330"},{"key":"rf22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02359037"},{"key":"rf23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12555-009-0521-0"},{"key":"rf24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-008-9215-z"},{"key":"rf25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2009.2034649"},{"key":"rf26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/86.712230"},{"key":"rf27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.06.022"},{"key":"rf28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/4\/2\/R01"},{"key":"rf29","first-page":"141","volume":"11","author":"Garrett D.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering"},{"key":"rf30","volume-title":"Nonlinear Brain Dynamics","author":"Stam C. J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"rf31","volume":"3","author":"Natarajan K.","journal-title":"Biomedical Engineering Online"},{"key":"rf32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X.\u00a0Li, Z.\u00a0Deng and J.\u00a0Zhang, Advances in Neural Network (Springer, Berlin, 2009)\u00a0pp. 209\u2013218.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01507-6_25"},{"key":"rf33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAU.1967.1161901"},{"key":"rf34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.45.712"},{"key":"rf35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F.\u00a0Takens, Lecture Notes in Mathematica, eds. D. A.\u00a0Rand and L. S.\u00a0Young (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1981)\u00a0pp. 366\u2013381.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0091924"},{"key":"rf36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(85)90011-9"},{"key":"rf38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118165881"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Humanoid Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0219843611002356","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T00:59:16Z","timestamp":1565139556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0219843611002356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0219843611002356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0219843611002356","relation":{},"ISSN":["0219-8436","1793-6942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0219-8436","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6942","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}}}