{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T21:12:18Z","timestamp":1772831538510,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Human. Robot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We can learn from the history of robotics that robots are getting closer to humans, both in the physical as well as in the social sense. The development line of robotics is marked with the triad: industrial \u2014 assistive \u2014 social robots, that leads from human\u2013robot separation toward human\u2013robot interaction. A social robot is a robot able to act autonomously and to interact with humans using social cues. A social robot that can assist a human for a longer period of time is called a robotic companion. This paper is devoted to the design and control issues of such a robotic companion, with reference to the robot FLASH designed at the Wroclaw University of Technology within the European project LIREC, and currently developed by the authors. Two HRI experiments with FLASH demonstrate the human attitude toward FLASH. A trial testing of the robot's emotional system is described. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219843615500073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]],"date-time":"2015-01-05T05:09:13Z","timestamp":1420434553000},"page":"1550007","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Design for a Robotic Companion"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"K\u0119dzierski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Cybernetics and Robotics, Wroc\u0142aw University of Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego Street 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kaczmarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Cybernetics and Robotics, Wroc\u0142aw University of Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego Street 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Dziergwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Cybernetics and Robotics, Wroc\u0142aw University of Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego Street 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Tcho\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Cybernetics and Robotics, Wroc\u0142aw University of Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego Street 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.\u00a0Breazeal, Designing Sociable Robots, Intelligent robots and autonomous agents series (A Bradford Book, London, 2004)\u00a0pp. 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2376.001.0001"},{"key":"rf4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00372-X"},{"key":"rf6","first-page":"681","volume":"2","author":"K\u0119dzierski J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prace Naukowe \u2014 Politechnika Warszawska, Elektornika"},{"key":"rf11","unstructured":"E.\u00a0Gat, Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Robots, American Association for Artificial Intelligence (MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1998)\u00a0pp. 195\u2013210."},{"key":"rf15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-012-0314-x"},{"key":"rf17","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Mehrabian and J.\u00a0Russell, An Approach to Environmental Psychology (The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1974)\u00a0p. 31."},{"key":"rf19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11595014_13"},{"key":"rf20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0582-1_8"},{"key":"rf21","unstructured":"P.\u00a0Ekman, W.\u00a0Friesen and P.\u00a0Ellsworth, Emotion in the Human Face (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982)\u00a0pp. 39\u201355."},{"key":"rf22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2297(91)90019-K"},{"key":"rf23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-013-0183-1"},{"key":"rf24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/11.13.27"},{"key":"rf25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2008.1744"},{"key":"rf26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5772\/7789","volume":"9","author":"Park E.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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