{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T01:10:12Z","timestamp":1770599412322,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Syst. Inf. Dyn."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We proceed towards an application of the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics to cognitive psychology \u2014 the problem of decision-making in games of the Prisoners Dilemma type. These games were used as tests of rationality of players. Experiments performed in cognitive psychology by Shafir and Tversky [1, 2], Croson [3], Hofstader [4, 5] demonstrated that in general real players do not use \"rational strategy\" provided by classical game theory; this psychological phenomenon was called the disjunction effect. We elaborate a model of quantum-like decision making which can explain this effect (\"irrationality\" of plays). Our model is based on quantum information theory. The main result of this paper is the derivation of Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad equation whose equilibrium solution gives the quantum state used for decision making. It is the first application of this equation in cognitive psychology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s1230161211000042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]],"date-time":"2011-04-18T10:11:52Z","timestamp":1303121512000},"page":"55-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["On Application of Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad Equation in Cognitive Psychology"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Masanari","family":"Asano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamasaki 2641, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278\u20138510, Japan"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Ohya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamasaki 2641, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278\u20138510, Japan"}]},{"given":"Yoshiharu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamasaki 2641, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278\u20138510, Japan"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Khrennikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Mathematical Modeling in Physics and Cognitive Sciences, Linnaeus University, S-35195, V\u00e4xj\u00f6, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Basieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Mathematical Modeling in Physics and Cognitive Sciences, Linnaeus University, S-35195, V\u00e4xj\u00f6, Sweden"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(92)90015-T"},{"key":"rf2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00678.x"},{"key":"rf3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1999.2846"},{"key":"rf4","volume":"6","author":"Hofstader D. 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