{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:22:30Z","timestamp":1753885350350,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":2,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Uncert. Sys."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In this paper, we study the optimization of urban distribution networks with leased third-party logistics fleets under point-based billing and construct a mathematical model of multi-model vehicle path optimization (MVRPTW) with time windows aiming at the lowest logistics expenditure under point-based billing mode. For the problem that the simulated annealing solution to the VRPTW problem tends to fall into slow convergence, a variable neighborhood structure and adaptive temperature control are introduced to improve the simulated annealing. Finally, using the order data of a Beijing\u2019s third-party logistics company Z, the model is solved by first clustering the customer nodes through the K-Means algorithm to generate the initial solution and then optimizing it with the improved simulated annealing algorithm. Compared with the simulated manual empirical scheduling, algorithmic scheduling can reduce the logistics cost by 88.1%. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s1752890922500052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T15:09:31Z","timestamp":1649344171000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Research on Urban Distribution Optimization Under Point-based Billing on Simulated Annealing with Variable Neighborhood"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jiabin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuanyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4498-3745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xupeng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1752890922500052BIB004","first-page":"1804","volume-title":"Proc. 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation-CEC 99","volume":"3","author":"Louis S. J."},{"first-page":"128","volume-title":"2008 Int. Conf. Management Science and Engineering 15th Annual Conf. Proc.","author":"Wang X.-p.","key":"S1752890922500052BIB005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Uncertain Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S1752890922500052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T07:09:07Z","timestamp":1649747347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S1752890922500052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":2,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S1752890922500052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s1752890922500052","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-8909","1752-8917"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1752-8909"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1752-8917"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"article-number":"2250005"}}