{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:39:22Z","timestamp":1777862362050,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"03","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PSAU\/2024\/R\/1445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2024\/R\/1445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University Grants Commission (UGC), Government of India","award":["PLNG\/13\/2023-PLANNING-NMDFC\/CSIR NET JUNE 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PLNG\/13\/2023-PLANNING-NMDFC\/CSIR NET JUNE 2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Uncert. Sys."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Site selection for a hospital is demanding and challenging work. It\u2019s become more complicated when considering various infectious diseases. Multiple criteria and sub-criteria are considered for selecting the most suitable and efficient hospital location. In this paper, we find the most suitable location for multiple disease-related hospitals using the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies. The proposed study is done by the MCDM techniques, namely spherical Entropy and spherical VIekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) methods. The decision-making for site selection is based on multiple experts\u2019 opinions. Also, we use real data sources in spherical fuzzy numbers (SFN) to capture all its uncertainty. We proposed a new score function and an accuracy function of the SFN to evaluate crisp value from fuzzy numbers. The most prioritized criteria and sub-criteria are determined with their weights. We optimized the proposed site based on demand and criterion weight. Finally, sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis are conducted to check the stability and robustness of the result. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s1752890924500041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T09:04:35Z","timestamp":1709888675000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Synergistic Strategy of Sustainable Hospital Site Selection in Saudi Arabia Using Spherical Fuzzy MCDM Methodology"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7179-984X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal Hossain","family":"Gazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal 741249, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7393-2568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa Fouad","family":"Momena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharaj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1390-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soheil","family":"Salahshour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Faculty of Science and Letters, Piri Reis University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4690-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sankar Prasad","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal 741249, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7200-4180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arijit","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, St. Xavier\u2019s College (Autonomous), Kolkata 700016, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.12.056"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10106049.2012.752531"},{"issue":"3","key":"S1752890924500041BIB003","first-page":"278","volume":"1","author":"Wibowo S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J. Manag. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2019.02.005"},{"issue":"4","key":"S1752890924500041BIB005","first-page":"133","volume":"2","author":"Baran E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-172009"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.38079\/igusabder.425439"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2011.11.2410"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB009","first-page":"35","volume":"1","author":"Yazdani M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sust. Oper. Comput."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e23030320"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-020-00187-8"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1255\/1\/012008"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-005-0284-6"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB014","first-page":"1","author":"Alguliyev R. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/ro\/2016027"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math9040393"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-020-10284-3"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2014.09.003"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13010152"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/ro\/2023025"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2005.12.016"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2009.04.010"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEEM.2010.5646533"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4090\/juee.2011.v5n1.032043"},{"issue":"2","key":"S1752890924500041BIB026","first-page":"5","volume":"4","author":"Shahbandarzadeh H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran. J. Manag. Stud."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622011004506"},{"issue":"4","key":"S1752890924500041BIB028","first-page":"8","volume":"3","author":"Sharmin N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Trans. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"S1752890924500041BIB029","first-page":"36","volume":"2","author":"Behzadi S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Geogr. Geol."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSSSM.2013.6602588"},{"issue":"17","key":"S1752890924500041BIB031","first-page":"1","volume":"71","author":"Chatterjee D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"S1752890924500041BIB032","first-page":"638","volume":"4","author":"Khaksefidi M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Online J. Nat. Soc. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"S1752890924500041BIB033","first-page":"113","volume":"4","author":"Chatterjee D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Intercult. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su7032730"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2016.07.656"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622016500218"},{"issue":"2","key":"S1752890924500041BIB037","first-page":"115","volume":"3","author":"Kumar P.","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Manag. Anal."},{"issue":"5","key":"S1752890924500041BIB038","first-page":"578","volume":"8","author":"Ahmed A. H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"S1752890924500041BIB039","first-page":"607","volume":"1","author":"Islam M. M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB040","first-page":"359","volume-title":"The Eurasia Proc. Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics","author":"Sen H.","year":"2017"},{"issue":"12","key":"S1752890924500041BIB041","first-page":"49","volume":"15","author":"Kmail A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Secur."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/semj.57572"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2018.02.044"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14419\/ijet.v7i4.20.26132"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.31590\/ejosat.584217","volume":"16","author":"Mi\u00e7 P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"S1752890924500041BIB046","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Assad C. A. R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Tech."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20479700.2019.1674005"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/eusflat-19.2019.12"},{"issue":"54","key":"S1752890924500041BIB049","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Dash S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Big Data"},{"issue":"43","key":"S1752890924500041BIB050","first-page":"71","volume":"43","author":"Soltani A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. Geogr. Socio-Econom. Ser."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12518-020-00297-5"},{"issue":"6","key":"S1752890924500041BIB052","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"Zolfani S. H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"issue":"1","key":"S1752890924500041BIB053","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"A\u011fa\u00e7 G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Anal. Hierarchy Process"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-021-10445-y"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5144642"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15703-7"},{"issue":"108243","key":"S1752890924500041BIB057","first-page":"1","volume":"115","author":"Chen Z.-h.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-021-06429-2"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01605682.2021.1993758"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(75)90036-5"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/malq.19760220120"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(89)90205-4"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB064","volume-title":"A Unifying Field in Logics. Neutrosophy: Neutrosophic Probability, Set and Logic","author":"Smarandache F.","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IFSA-NAFIPS.2013.6608375"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2019.06.003"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rico.2023.100257"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB068","first-page":"1007133","volume":"2022","author":"Garg H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e21070628"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-181401"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym10060193"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-021-03493-2"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-181941"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3521-2"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3056427"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-231714"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-022-06763-z"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2020.103988"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-021-10055-7"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31181\/dmame12012023b"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2022.108227"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/systems11050231"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB084","first-page":"7128","volume-title":"6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation","author":"Chen Y.","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB085","first-page":"1281","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Automation and Logistics","author":"Huang J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.03.027"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622017500274"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106207"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB089","first-page":"3564835","volume":"2020","author":"Zhu Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"issue":"7","key":"S1752890924500041BIB090","first-page":"1477","volume":"28","author":"Xiao F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"S1752890924500041BIB091","first-page":"709","volume":"50","author":"Chodha V.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262261"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14051033"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-22734-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"S1752890924500041BIB095","first-page":"5","volume":"2","author":"Opricovic S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electron. J. Fac. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.02.118"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2017.12.014"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.05.025"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106948"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125130"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622020500285"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3846\/20294913.2013.814606"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622017500237"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01605682.2020.1806741"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12569"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2013.08.006"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-013-5520-x"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2018.2816581"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rico.2023.100312"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5899\/2013\/jfsva-00174"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GrC.2007.118"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2011.12.010"},{"issue":"1","key":"S1752890924500041BIB113","first-page":"33","volume":"25","author":"Tudu S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Fuzzy Math. Inf."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-009-2241-2"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(87)90148-5"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2014.01.014"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2011.2177271"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZ-IEEE.2016.7738000"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-015-2163-x"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21934"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-017-9596-9"},{"issue":"106793","key":"S1752890924500041BIB122","first-page":"1","volume":"216","author":"Akram M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"S1752890924500041BIB123","first-page":"30","volume":"5","author":"Mondal S. P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"TWMS J. Appl. Eng. Math."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2020.12.001"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dajour.2024.100402"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-181941"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB127","first-page":"1007133","author":"Garg H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04222-w"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-021-09959-1"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12234436"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11070932"},{"key":"S1752890924500041BIB132","first-page":"1","author":"Banik B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soft Comput."}],"container-title":["Journal of Uncertain Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S1752890924500041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T10:02:35Z","timestamp":1725012155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/10.1142\/S1752890924500041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S1752890924500041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s1752890924500041","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-8909","1752-8917"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-8909","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-8917","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"article-number":"2450004"}}