{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T08:24:02Z","timestamp":1768983842220,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"02","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024MS030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024MS030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Uncert. Sys."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> With the increasingly severe global climate change issue, carbon emission allowances trading has become one of the important means for the international community to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, this process also exposes the high costs and risks faced by emission control enterprises. To cope with this risk, carbon options, as an innovative tool in the financial derivatives market, allow holders to buy and sell carbon emission rights at a predetermined price at a specific time in the future. By purchasing carbon options, companies can lock in future carbon emission costs, thereby avoiding the risk of price fluctuations, which is of great significance for solving the high cost and high risk problems faced by emission control companies in emission reduction activities. The primary task is to price carbon options reasonably. Most existing methods are based on probability theory, and sometimes fail due to the lack of fulfillment of the necessary prerequisites for probability theory. This paper studies the pricing problem of carbon options based on exponential uncertain differential equations within the framework of uncertainty theory and derives calculation formulas. Furthermore, real data analysis based on China\u2019s carbon trading market is conducted to illustrate our methodology in detail. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s1752890924500314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T06:34:28Z","timestamp":1731566068000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Valuation of Carbon Options Based on Exponential Uncertain Differential Equation"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0992-8997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, P. R. 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