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However, there is no fundamental concept related to the topological structure in big data. In this paper, we present fundamental concepts related to the neighborhood structures of words in big data search, laying the groundwork for developing topological frameworks for big data in the future. We also introduce the notion of big data primal within the context of big data search and explore how neighborhood structures, combined with the Jaccard similarity coefficient, can be utilized to detect anomalies in search behavior. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s179300572550053x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T07:09:31Z","timestamp":1753427371000},"page":"1107-1142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Big Data Searching Using Words"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4932-3305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santanu","family":"Acharjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6344-9122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ripunjoy","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Kamrup Polytechnic, Baihata Chariali-781381, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119701859"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110697216-002"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-2429-5_5"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2022.100094"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-016-0043-6"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11051255"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1472957"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287520921244"},{"issue":"1","key":"S179300572550053XBIB010","first-page":"20","volume":"5","author":"Tongnoy S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Environmental Engineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"S179300572550053XBIB011","first-page":"1051","volume":"27","author":"Jamhari J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meaene.2024.100001"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/AJEB-01-2024-0007"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18282\/gfr.v6i1.3491"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMME.2024.140697"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13563-024-00457-8"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43674-024-00075-5"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03019233241265194"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.06.005"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2016.0153"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2018.0145"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2021.667963"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/S0273-0979-09-01249-X"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/S0273-0979-07-01191-3"},{"key":"S179300572550053XBIB026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.12.037"},{"issue":"3","key":"S179300572550053XBIB027","first-page":"1458","volume":"136","author":"Boyd E. 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