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Its inherent irregularity poses a test to the generalization abilities of current technology, including generative AI models like the large language models (LLMs). As machine learning and generative AI increasingly become part of user-facing systems, the complexities of the long tail must be addressed by both systems engineers and the AI community. We discuss two case studies with significant social impacts \u2014 detecting and fighting online human trafficking, and managing information in real-time during humanitarian crises \u2014 where AI and semantic computing designed for long-tail issues are crucially applied, often necessitating markedly different design approaches than those aimed at maximizing average accuracy. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s1793351x2542005x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T14:10:59Z","timestamp":1745590259000},"page":"247-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Designing Semantic Computing for Social Good Applications with Long Tails"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5988-8305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayank","family":"Kejriwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, 4676 Admiralty Way, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35378\/gujs.1032517"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/pandp.20241071"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2023.102616"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-71613-8_24"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00856401.2019.1602808"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00247"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.89.042804"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB009","first-page":"97","volume-title":"A Unifying Framework for Formal Theories of Novelty: Discussions, Guidelines, and Examples for Artificial Intelligence","author":"Bonjour T.","year":"2023"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68234-9_21"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2005.204"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the South NLP Symposium 2024","year":"2024","author":"Chahat R.","key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB012"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acalib.2014.02.003"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978542.1978562"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01577-2"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3418896"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/070710111"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3299869.3300084"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN.2007.4384776"},{"key":"S1793351X2542005XBIB020","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Breakthroughs and Emerging Insights from Ongoing Design Science Projects: Research-in-Progress Papers and Poster Presentations from the 11th Int. 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