{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T12:09:55Z","timestamp":1759838995161},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv. Adapt. Data Anal."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Global climate variability is currently a topic of high scientific and public interest, with potential ramifications for the Earth's ecologic systems and policies governing world economy. Across the broad spectrum of global climate variability, the least well understood time scale is that of decade-to-century.<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> The bases for investigating past changes across that period band are the records of annual mean Global Surface Temperature Anomaly (GSTA) time series, produced variously in many painstaking efforts.<jats:sup>2\u20135<\/jats:sup> However, due to incipient instrument noise, the uneven distribution of sensors spatially and temporally, data gaps, land urbanization, and bias corrections to sea surface temperature, noise and uncertainty continue to exist in all data sets.<jats:sup>1, 2, 6\u20138<\/jats:sup> Using the Empirical Mode Decomposition method as a filter, we can reduce this noise and uncertainty and produce a cleaner annual mean GSTA dataset. The noise in the climate dataset is thus reduced by one-third and the difference between the new and the commonly used, but unfiltered time series, ranges up to 0.1506\u00b0C, with a standard deviation up to 0.01974\u00b0C, and an overall mean difference of only 0.0001\u00b0C. Considering that the total increase of the global mean temperature over the last 150 years to be only around 0.6\u00b0C, we believe this difference of 0.1506\u00b0C is significant. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s1793536909000151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,23]],"date-time":"2009-07-23T11:31:54Z","timestamp":1248348714000},"page":"447-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["REDUCTIONS OF NOISE AND UNCERTAINTY IN ANNUAL GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALY DATA"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"01","author":[{"given":"NORDEN E.","family":"HUANG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Adaptive Data Analysis, National Central University, Chungli 32001, Taiwan, ROC"}]},{"given":"ZHAOHUA","family":"WU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4520, USA"}]},{"given":"JORGE E.","family":"PINZ\u00d3N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"CLAIRE L.","family":"PARKINSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"STEVEN R.","family":"LONG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia 23337, USA"}]},{"given":"KARIN","family":"BLANK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microelectronic and Signal Processing Branch, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"PER","family":"GLOERSEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"XIANYAO","family":"CHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","volume-title":"Decade-to-Century-Scale Climate Variability and Change","year":"1998"},{"key":"rf2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900564"},{"key":"rf3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1997)078<2837:AOOTGH>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"rf4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900835"},{"key":"rf5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(1990)003<0662:EDOCGC>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"rf7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GL012877"},{"key":"rf8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090228"},{"key":"rf9","volume-title":"Random Data, Analysis and Measurement Procedures","author":"Bendat J. 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